基于振动传递特性分析的快捷重载货车空载运行时的振动控制
Vibration Control of Unloaded Fast-Heavy Haul Freight Train Based on Vibration Transmission Characteristic

针对快捷重载货运列车运行过程中运行不平顺、振动剧烈等问题, 基于有限元模态分析和多体动力学刚柔耦合分析基本理论, 利用Ansys和Simpack联合仿真分析方法, 建立考虑转向架和车厢弹性的整车刚柔耦合动力学模型, 模拟货车行驶过程, 分析关键位置振动响应; 利用时频分析和频响分析得出结构振动较大的原因, 并通过理论分析找出结构优化的方法, 设计新型轮对定位结构和调频质量阻尼器结构．结果表明：车厢和侧架的弹性共振是导致车辆系统振动剧烈的原因, 新型轮对定位结构能够很好地抑制轮对和转向架的垂向和横向振动, 车厢中部调频质量阻尼器的使用能够有效抑制车厢浮沉振动．因此, 振动传递特性分析是研究车辆振动的有效手段, 得出振动能量与激励和系统传递的相关性, 本文提出的两种改进结构设计可为快捷重载货运列车的振动控制提供技术支持和应用参考．
Aiming at the problems of fast-heavy haul freight train，such as irregular running and violent vibration，a rigid-flexible coupling kinetic model considering the flexibility of bogie and wagon was established based on modal analysis and rigid-flexible coupling dynamics method by using Ansys and Simpack co-simulation. The running process of kinetic model was calculated and the vibration response of critical positions was analyzed. The reason for violent vibration was pointed out by using time-frequency analysis and frequency response analysis，and structure optimization method was proposed based on theoretical analysis，including new wheel-positioning system and tuned mass damper(TMD). The results show that the elastic resonance of side bogie and carriage leads to heavy vibration of rigid-flexible coupling kinetic model，new wheel-positioning system can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of bogie and wheel sets，and TMD in the middle of carriage can restrain the vertical vibration of the carriage. Therefore，vibration transfer analysis is an effective method for analyzing vibration performance，which can obtain a correlation between vibration energy and system transfer characteristic，and new wheel-positioning system and TMD design offer effective technical supports and application references to the vibration control of fast-heavy haul freight train