逝后的性别差异：一个“资本”视角——《人民日报》讣闻报道的内容分析
Sex Differences After Death: A “Capital” Perspective A Content Analysis of the Obituaries on the People’s Daily

摘要 任何社会都拥有由人、地点、时间、物件和符号所组成的“死亡系统”。在媒体化社会中，包括讣闻报道在内的各种死亡报道是死亡系统的一个有机组成部分。本文在遵循“讣闻中的性别歧视/差异”这一主流学术传统的基础上，进一步引入皮埃尔·布尔迪厄的资本理论，来考察中国社会精英的讣闻报道。本文从《人民日报》二十年间（1995-2014）的讣闻报道中抽取一个样本（N = 500），对逝者的“文化资本”“权力资本”“社会资本”和“象征资本”的媒体再现进行内容分析。较之于现有文献悲观的结论——“被歧视的女性”，本文的结论要相对积极得多：尽管女性成为讣闻对象的机会与男性不可同日而语，然而一旦登上讣闻，她们“被再现的资本”却并不见得处于劣势地位，在几个重要方面甚至拥有显著的比较优势。
Each society has its own “death system” composed of people, places, time, objects, and symbols. All kinds of death news including obituaries are an integral part of death system in a mediated society. Following the dominant academic tradition of obituary studies – “sex discrimination / differences in the obituary,” this article further draws upon Pierre Bourdieu’s capital theory to explore obituary stories of social elites in China. Choosing a sample of obituaries (N = 500) from the People’s Daily during 1995 and 2014, the article content analyzes how decedents’ cultural, power, social, and symbolic capitals are represented. In contrast with the pessimistic conclusion of “the discriminated female” in the existing literature, that of this article is much more positive: Female is not on a par with male’s chance of becoming obituary objects, but, once they get a chance, their “represented capitals” are not necessarily at a disadvantage, with several important aspects in which they have signifcant competitive advantages