传统主流报纸对农民工“讨薪”事件的媒介呈现分析(2002-2015)
On Presentation of ‘Migrant Workers Dun for Default Laborage’ Issue by Traditional Mainstream Newspapers (2002-2015)

摘要 本研究采用内容分析的方法，对国内五份代表性传统主流报纸有关农民工“讨薪” 议题的报道进行了系统考察，以观察传统主流媒体对于弱势群体基本生存问题的呈现特 点及其背后的操作逻辑。研究发现：对这一议题，样本媒体进行了持续的报道，并对其 产生原因、对策、涉及主体进行了多方面的讨论，抱持较明显的对弱势群体的同情立 场，表现出对农民工生存议题的关注和对其权益表达的支持。并且，在对这一议题的讨 论中，也表现出对利益相关方较为多元的态度取向。但是，也存在明显的问题，具体表 现为：一、未能及时将农民工讨薪这一突出的社会问题予以呈现；二、对这一议题的报 道呈现出鲜明的“季节性”特点，有应景之嫌；三、通过选择性呈现事实回避冲突、屏 蔽深层问题、彰显治理成绩，将对问题的揭示和解决转换为对权力部门的赞扬。总体而 言，本研究从一个侧面呈现了传统主流媒体在社会弱势群体利益表达方面所具有的角色 特征：态度暧昧的表达者，而非代言人。同时，这一研究也提醒我们在讨论作为弱势群 体利益表达机制之一的“大众传媒利益表达机制”时，有必要对其从形式和实质两方面 进一步细化。
With content analysis of the presentation of ‘migrant workers dun for default laborage’ issue by fve traditional mainstream newspapers in China, this research explores the reporting features and operational logic of mainstream media on this kind of subject which is of the underpriviledged’s survival foundation. It fnds out that the sample media take continuing report of this issue and discuss it from the various perspective of its causes, countermeasures, referred subjects, etc. The newspapers demonstrate concerns on migrant workers’ plights with sympathy and support for their interest expression. They hold diverse attitudes towards the stake holders as well. However, the newspapers didn’t reveal this social problem timely and their report of the issue is ‘seasonal’, i.e., they gave more attention on it around Spring Festival than at other period of time. Moreover, the newspapers conceal the con?icts and the profound problems and show the administrative achievement of authoritative parts by selectively presenting facts. In a word, it demonstrates the characteristic of the role played by traditional mainstream media in the interest expression of the underpriviledged from one side, namely expresser with ambiguous attitude, not representative. At the same time, the research also reminds us that it is necessary to distinguish the form and the essence of the expression when discussing the ‘interest expression mechanism of mass media’as one of the underpreviled’s interest expression mechanism