反观诸己：美国“新闻业危机”的三种话语
To See Ourselves: Three Discourses of “Journalistic Crisis” In America

摘要 面对新闻业在经济、技术、文化、政治诸多方面所面临的重大挑战，近年来欧美新 闻学界和业界纷纷启用“危机”一词来描述当代新闻业状况，构成“新闻业危机”话 语。本文以“批判性媒介话语”和“元新闻话语理论”为视角，根据不同新闻学英语文 献中对新闻业危机的本质、表现、原因、应对等核心问题的不同阐述，归纳出三种当代 “新闻业危机”的话语类型——盈利危机话语、结构危机话语和观念危机话语。在此基 础上，本文通过比较三种新闻业危机话语的异同和交锋，讨论了当代新闻学研究如何从 “危机”出发，想象未来新闻业图景的共识基础和进一步研究的可能。
Facing the tremendous challenges due to the changing technological, economic and cultural realities, journalism scholars and experts often invoke the term “crisis” to describe the current situation of journalism in this era, which constitutes the “journalistic crisis discourses”. Through the theoretical views of critical media discourse and metajournalistic discourse, this article analyzes the different interpretations of the causes, results and responses of journalistic crisis, and clarifes them into three discourses of journalistic crisis: business crisis of journalism; structural crisis and conceptual crisis. After elaborating and comparing the similarities and differences of the three journalistic discourses, this article further discusses that how can the contemporary journalistic studies proceed from the current “crisis”, construct the consensus of the future and promote the next researches in journalistic feld