失守的边界 ——对我国记者诠释社群话语变迁的分析
Undefended boundaries: From the perspective of journalistic interpretive communities

摘要 如何理解新媒体对当下我国新闻业的冲击？学界路径不一，众说纷纭。为置啄其 中，本文依托于对现有文献以及2015-2017年间所进行的记者访谈材料的分析，以边界工 作为理论框架来论述新闻边界的失守，以及由此而带来的记者诠释社群的话语变迁。为 适应本研究的需要，我们在回溯Zelizer（1993）有关记者诠释社群概念的基础上，将其 进一步细化为三个维度，即，记者对新闻平台的诠释，对新闻职业的诠释，对新闻产品 的诠释。本文认为，新媒体的勃兴所带来的去专业化主要表现在平台边界、职业边界和 报道边界的失守，从而带来记者诠释社群话语的相应变化。就平台边界而言，互联网尤 其微博、微信的问世使得新闻平台大众化，新闻平台的垄断性诠释话语则相应地先后经 历政治话语、市场话语、大众话语的变迁。就职业边界而言，数字时代使得新闻人日趋 成为数字劳工背景下专业新闻的留守者、公众舆论的边缘人，新闻职业的垄断性诠释话 语则先后由政治取向、精英取向而转变为普通职业取向，新闻工作者原有的权威性被消 解、被祛魅。就产品边界而言，如今在流量导向的支配下，作为新闻产品的报道开启了 流量决定新闻的时代，并相应开启了一个坏新闻才是新闻、娱乐性才是新闻的诠释话语 转向。
The purpose of this article is to contribute to the discussion of a much debated topic as to how to understand the impact of new media on Chinese journalism. Based on analysis of materials gathered from industry journals and interviews with journalists, this article analyses the manifestations of de-professionalisation of Chinese journalism from the theoretical perspective of boundary work and journalist’s interpretive communities. It is argued that de-professionalisation of journalism brought by the thriving of new media is manifested by the loss of power in defending the boundary of three domains that are essential to journalism: news platforms, news work and news product. These three domains also constitute the main discourse theme of journalist’s interpretive community. In terms of news platforms, the rise of new media especially the advent of Weibo and WeChat has made various platforms available to the general public, resulting in traditional media’s loss of monopoly over the channels of news communication. With regard to news work, the wide adoption of digital devices has revived the potential of ordinary person to be a reporter, and those working in traditional media are no longer the dominant group in?uencing public opinion. As of news product, the communication environment shaped by new media technology has forced changes to the way newsworthiness is defned, and the values such as “bad news is news” and “no entertaining no news” has gained overwhelming importance. Altogether, these have challenged the authority of professional journalists, resulting in a process of de-professionalism in the arena of news communication