黔东南苗族侗族自治州民族村寨空间分布特征研究
Characters of Spatial Distribution of Ethnic Villages in Qiandongnan Prefecture

摘要 以统计数据、野外调查资料和矢量地图为数据源, 对黔东南苗族侗族自治州的民族村寨分布进行空间分析。通过数字高程模型(DEM)数据提取黔东南州民族村寨海拔、坡度和坡向数据, 计算111 个民族村寨点与水系和道路的距离, 基于Getis-ord General G 函数对黔东南州民族村寨进行空间点模式分析。结果表明: 黔东南州民族村寨分布于244~1256 m 的高程范围, 1.14°~40.47°的坡度范围, 东坡和南坡是最主要的分布坡向; 民族村寨与水系距离在2~1370 m 的范围内。分析表明, 民族村寨整体上在坡向和与水系距离上属于随机分布, 在海拔和坡度上属于高值分布, 在与省道、国道和高速公路的距离上属于低值分布, 黔东南州民族村寨分布的空间特征与地理环境及民族历史文化等因素相关。
Abstract Based on statistical material, field survey data and vector map, the characters of spatial distributions of ethnic villages in Qiandongnan prefecture were analyzed. First, 111 ethnic group villages in Qiandongnan were chosen. Second, the elevation, slope and aspect were extracted from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and the distances between villages and water/roads were calculated. Finally, point spatial analysis was completed based on Getis-ord General G statistics to disclose the distributions of villages with respect to elevation, slope, aspect and several distances. The results show that Qiandongnan ethnic group villages range from 244 to 1256 m on elevation, and they are mainly distributed on eastern slope and southern slope. As to slope, the range was 1.14°？40.47°. The distance between the ethnic villages and water is 2？1370 m. From the standpoint of point spatial analysis, the distributions of the ethnic villages on aspect and the distance to water are random, on the elevation and slope are concentrated, and on the distance to roads is low-value.