基于大型底栖无脊椎动物指数的黄河水质评价研究
Assessing Water Quality of the Yellow River with Benthic Macro-invertebrate Indices

摘要 应用大型底栖动物指数评价河流水质, 不同指数的评价结果差异较大。为了针对特定河流找到合适的评价指数, 基于黄河干流1980 年代和2008 年生态调查数据, 应用Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数、Margalef 多样性指数、Simpson 多样性指数、Pielou 均匀度指数、BMWP 指数、ASPT 指数、Goodnight-Whitley 修正指数(GBI)、FBI (Family Biotic Index)指数和BPI (Pollution Biotic Index)指数对黄河水质进行了评价。结果表明: 与1980 年代相比, 2008 年黄河大型底栖动物种类数大幅减少, 水质理化参数恶化; 这9 种底栖动物评价指数评价黄河水质状况差异明显, 部分指数之间存在较高相关性。Simpson 指数、Pielou 指数、ASPT、GBI 和BPI 因与部分自然环境因子存在较高相关性, 不适合作为评价黄河水质的指标; Shannon-Wiener 指数、 Margalef 指数、BMWP 和FBI 可作为黄河水质评价指标。
Abstract Different benthic macro-invetebrate indices tend to produce different results of river water quality. Finding out appropriate evaluation indices aimed at specific rivers is the premise of biological assessment. This paper compared two sets of macro-invetebrate survey datasets of the main stream of the Yellow River between 1980s, and 2008. Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index, Simpson Diversity Index and Pielou Evenness Index, Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP), Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT), Goodnight- Whitley Modified Index (GBI), Family Biotic Index (FBI) and Biotic Pollution Index (BPI) were calculated and compared to evaluate the water quality in the Yellow River. The results showed that the number of macroinvertebrate species sharply reduced due to the water quality deterioration. A clear difference occurred among assessment results of nine macro-invertebrate evaluation indices, with relatively high correlations among part of the indices. Simpson diversity index and Pielou evenness index, ASPT, GBI and BPI shows high correlation with the natural environment factors, which suggested they are not suitable as evaluation indices for water quality assessment in the Yellow River. Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index, BMWP and FBI can be used as the assessment indices for biological evaluation of water quality in the Yellow River.