汉江水体和沉积物中全氟化合物的风险评估
Risk Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds (PFCs) in Water and Sediment Samples of Hanjiang River

摘要 采集汉江旱季和雨季的水样和沉积物, 应用超高效液相色谱–三重四级杆质谱, 对其中的11种全氟化合物(PFCs)进行检测, 研究该区域全氟化合物的污染状况。结果表明, 11种全氟化合物都有不同程度的检出, 旱季和雨季水样中∑PFCs浓度分别为0.3~23.04和0.16~19.68 ng/L, 沉积物中∑PFCs 浓度分别为0~55.1和0.99~85.07 ng/g。水样总浓度的最高值出现在汉江汇入长江处的武汉, 且武汉采样点的全氟辛酸(PFOA)浓度最高, 旱、雨季分别达到22.52和12.52 ng/L。沉积物中总浓度最高值出现在陶岔, 且以全氟庚酸(PFHpA)和全氟己酸(PFHxA)为主, 沉积物中组分组成的季节差异不大。采用实际检测到的水样中PFOA、全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)、全氟壬酸(PFNA)、PFHxA 和全氟葵酸(PFDA)的浓度以及沉积物中PFOA和PFOS的浓度, 运用熵值法, 对汉江流域进行全氟化合物污染的风险评估, 结果表明, 水体和沉积物中的浓度均未达到对生态环境具有风险的水平。
Abstract Contamination profiles of 11 kinds of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were analyzed by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in water and sediment samples of Hanjiang River in dry and wet seasons. The results showed that 11 kinds of PFCs were all detected. The total concentrations of PFCs in water and sediment were 0.3–23.04 ng/L, 0–55.1 ng/g in dry season and 0.16–19.68 ng/L, 0.99–85.07 ng/g in wet season. The maximum concentration of PFCs was detected in Wuhan where Hanjiang River feeds into Yangtze River. Meanwhile,Wuhan had the highest concentration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with 22.52 ng/L in dry season and 12.52 ng/L in wet season. Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were the dominant PFCs in sediment and the highest total concentration of PFCs was detected in Taocha. There was little difference in the concentration composition of ∑PFCs in sediment in both seasons. The risk quotient method was used for the ecological risk assessment of PFOA, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), PFHxA and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in water, and PFOA and PFOS in sediment based on the measured environmental concentration (MEC) and the predicted non-effect concentration (PNEC) of target pollutants.The assessment results suggest that the above PFCs in water and sediment of Hanjiang River posed no ecological risk to environment.