机械装配动态质量的子结构分析与量化计算
Substructuring Analysis and Quantitative Computation on Dynamic Quality of Mechanical Assembly

机械装配作为机电产品生产制造的重要工艺,直接影响产品整体动态质量。现有机械装配质量检测分析主要集中在"静态质量",如尺寸协调性与形位公差等,而机械装配本身还具有动态质量,机械装配检测评价只关注其静态质量有失全面。在诠释"机械装配动态质量"的概念之后,基于子结构分析方法明确界定了机械装配动态传递特性函数关系,并采用本征值分析方法讨论了机械装配工艺对装配子结构部件和装配件系统的动态传递特性的影响作用。进而采用测量的频率响应函数(frequency response function,FRF)计算机械装配比率矩阵的本征值,并用其均值对机械装配动态质量进行量化计算。基于两部件机械装配的"二级子结构"集总参数模型和应用实例模型,检验了相关分析结论和所建立的量化计算方法。研究结果有助于完善现有机械装配质量检测评价技术理论。
Mechanical assembly is an important process in manufacturing electromechanical products and directly affects the dynamic quality of a whole product. Conventional quality inspection and analysis of mechanical assembly are currently concentrated on "static quality", such as size-coordinations and tolerances of shaping and positioning and so on, which results in incomplete estimation on the assembly quality. After explaining the concept of "dynamic quality of mechanical assembly", functional relations between the dynamic transferring characteristics involved in mechanical assembly have been explicitly defined, and the affects of assembling process on the characteristics of both the substructural components and the assembly system are analyzed and discussed on the basis of substructuring and eigenvalue analysis. Consequently, the measured frequency response functions (FRFs) are used to compute the mean intrinsic values of assembly ratio-matrix that is employed as a quantitative metrics for dynamic quality inspection and estimation of mechanical assembly. By a lumped-parameter model and an applied experimental model of "two-level substructures" of an assembly, the analytical results and the developed quantitative computational approach are well validated. The present study can improve the conventional methodology in quality inspection and estimation of mechanical assembly