汽车高速行驶时方向盘摆振控制方法研究
Research on Controlling Method of Steering Wheel Shimmy of Vehicle at High Speed

通过分析方向盘摆振的产生机理，提出了一种试验与仿真相结合的高效解决方法。通过试验对方向盘摆振现象进行诊断，找出方向盘摆振主要的激励源与传递路径；通过控制轮胎动平衡参数，降低轮胎激励；建立包括转向节-方向盘的完整转向系统有限元模型，并在转向节处加载实测加速度频谱对摆振进行仿真，将板件厚度与衬套刚度设置为离散优化变量，方向盘12点钟Y向加速度为目标函数，应用序列二次规划法优化转向系统的结构与隔振性能。通过工程实例证明：该方法能够快速、有效的解决方向盘摆振问题。
Through analyzing generated mechanism of steering wheel shimmy, an efficient solution combination of physical experiment and simulation is proposed. Firstly, steering wheel shimmy phenomenon is diagnosed through test, and then the major excitation source and transmission path can be identified. Secondly, the relevant parameters of tire balancing are controlled to reduce the tire incentives. Thirdly, finite element model (FEM) of the whole steering system from the knuckle to the steering wheel is conducted, and then frequency spectrum of acceleration which is obtained based on test is loaded at the knuckle to simulate steering wheel shimmy. Finally, the sequential quadratic programming is performed to optimize the steering system structure and improve the vibration isolation performance. The plate thickness and stiffness of bushing are set as discrete optimization variables, and the Y-direction acceleration of steering wheel at 12 o'clock is set as the objective function. Engineering examples demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively solve the problem of steering wheel shimmy