基于非线性有限元算法的空气弹簧横向动态刚度研究
Study on Horizontal Dynamic Stiffness of Air Spring Based on Nonlinear Finite Element Method

基于非线性有限元算法,建立了轨道车辆空气弹簧的横向刚度计算模型,其中考虑了橡胶特性、帘线层布置、流固耦合及裙板接触等非线性因素。计算结果表明:在研究空气弹簧横向特性时,可以忽略附加空气室与节流孔的作用,但不能忽略应急橡胶弹簧的影响。将空气弹簧的横向反力计算结果与试验结果进行对比,发现两者误差在6%以内,验证了模型的正确性。通过对空气弹簧横向动态刚度的研究发现:空气弹簧横向动态刚度对横向激振的频率与振幅是不敏感的,但对振动的平衡位置十分敏感;空气弹簧的横向动态刚度随平衡位置的增加而增加,且平衡位置越大横向动态刚度的增速越大。这种空气弹簧横向动态刚度的非线性特性,有利于提高轨道车辆的横向平稳性与稳定性。
Based on the nonlinear finite element method, a horizontal stiffness calculation model of track vehicle's air spring was constructed, in which the characters of rubber, the ply disposition, the fluid-solid coupling and the contact of top plate apron were taken into consideration. The calculation results show that; the function of the auxiliary chamber and the orifice can be neglected; but the effect of the auxiliary spring cannot be neglected. With the comparison of the horizontal reaction force between the calculation and the experiment, the relative error is within 6% which verified the model. By the study on the horizontal dynamic stiffness of air spring, it was found that:the air spring's horizontal stiffness is insensitive to the frequency and amplitude of the excitation; but it is sensitive to the balance position of vibration. The air spring's horizontal stiffness increases with the increment of the balance position and the increase rate becomes higher when the balance position becomes larger. This kind of nonlinear character of the air spring's horizontal stiffness is benefit for improving the horizontal ride comfort and stability of track vehicle