飞机舱内声品质的音色参数表达
Timbre Parameter Representations of Aircraft Cabin Sound Quality

为有效地描述噪声音色对飞机舱内声品质的影响,开展了3组主观评价实验:不相似度评价、语义细分和偏好度成对比较。首先,不相似评价实验表明,飞机舱内噪声的音色可由一个4维空间表示;然后,回归分析发现后2个维度与语义细分尺度具有关联,其中维度3可描述为"轰鸣的"和"低沉的",而维度4可描述为"刺耳的"和"有节奏的";接着,利用4个声学参数(噪度、ERB谱峰度、短时谱偏度和ERB谱变化)得到了音色空间每个维度的定量表达;最后,通过分析被试偏好度和4个音色参数间的关系,发现偏好度较高的声音具有较少的线谱、随机性较强,同时其频谱具有平坦对称的分布。
In order to describe the influences of noise timbre on aircraft cabin sound quality, three groups of subjective evaluation experiments were conducted, including dissimilarity evaluation, semantic differential, and preference comparison. Firstly, the results of dissimilarity evaluation indicated that the timbre of aircraft cabin noises could be described with a four-dimensional space. Secondly, the regression analysis revealed that the latter two dimensions were related to semantic scales, in which dimension 3 was interpreted as roaring and muffled, and dimension 4 was interpreted as harsh and rhythmic. Thirdly, four acoustic parameters (noisiness, ERB spectral kurtosis, short-time spectral skewness, and ERB spectral variation) were derived to obtain the quantitative interpretation of each dimension. Finally, by analyzing the relationship between the preference scores on the one hand and the four timbre parameters on the other hand, it was illustrated that a preferable sound should have almost no tones and was random, while its spectrum should possess a flat and symmetrical distribution