古建筑木构件原位加固防腐研究
In-situ Consolidation and Restoration of Wooden Components in Historic Buildings

古建筑是以木结构为主的建筑体系，木材是其主要承重构件，它具有极高的文物、历史和艺术价值，它不仅是中华民族的宝贵财产，也是世界建筑艺术的珍宝。木材作为一种天然生物质材料，主要由纤维素、半纤维素、木质素及少量的果胶和无机盐组成；由于木材本身耐久性差，易受物理、化学和生物损害如腐朽菌、虫的侵蚀，使其强度降低直至全部损坏。以含光门古建筑木构件修复保护工程为例，旨在通过借鉴二氧化硅/木材复合材料溶胶-凝胶制备思路，根据生物矿化原理，通过无机复合材料、防腐试剂原位对古建筑木构件材质的性能改善，从而起到原位加固防腐的作用。
Historic buildings were mainly built with wooden structures. The wooden components of historic buildings have very high cultural, historical and artistic value as relics. They are not only the invaluable property of the China, but also a cherished art treasure for the international architecture. As a natural and biological material, wood is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and trace amounts of pectin and inorganic salts. Since wood is inherently non-durable, it is susceptible to physical, chemical and biological damages such as fungal decay and insect infestation, which can weaken its strength until completely deteriorates. In this paper, taking the project of in-situ consolidation and restoration of wooden components in a historic building, Hanguang Entrance of Imperial City as an example, some well-developed methods for the protection of ancient relics were introduced, such as using silicon dioxide/wood composite made by sol-gel for bio-mineralization, by which the properties of the wooden components were improved by inorganic compounded material and preservatives to conserve and consolidate the relics