不同产地山杏油脂含量及抗氧化活性差异研究
Research on Differences of Apricot Kernels Oil Content and Antioxidant Activity Between Different Habitats

油脂含量及其抗氧化活性是鉴定山杏加工利用品质和区划优质山杏产地的重要依据。对采自北京、河北、山西、陕西、内蒙古、辽宁、新疆、甘肃8个省（自治区）24个县的山杏油脂含量及抗氧化活性测定。结果表明： 1)不同产地山杏油脂含量呈现出以陕西安塞、麟游、志丹为中心向东西部递减的趋势，西部地区山杏油脂含量总体高于东部地区。其中，内蒙古克旗县山杏油脂含量最低，为36．10%，陕西麟游县山杏油脂含量最高，为50．40%； 2）不同产地山杏抗氧化活性值波动小，表现出随机分布现象。其中，河北平泉县山杏油抗氧化活性值最低，FRAP值为40．30，内蒙古林西县山杏抗氧化活性值最高，FRAP值为55．48； 3）不同品种山杏油脂含量差异显著，普通杏油脂含量高于西伯利亚杏；而抗氧化活性差异不显著； 4）综合考虑山杏油脂含量、抗氧化活性、品种、杏核物理特征以及林木生物学特征，采用主成分分析的方法，将山杏的产地划分为2类，即优质产地和一般产地。优质产地有15个，包括延庆、密云、平泉、隆化、霍城、朝阳、麟游、广灵、围场、志丹、镇原、林西、宁城、新源、巩留，其中新疆巩留为山杏最优产地。
The content of the oil and its antioxidant activity of apricot kernels can be used for identifying the kernel quality, and zoning the areas for the production of high-quality kernel．Apricot kernels were sampled from 24 counties of 8 provinces, such as Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Xinjiang, and Gansu．The oil contents and antioxidant activities of the samples were measured. The results showed that 1) the kernels had higher oil content from Ansai, Linyou, Zhidan (Shaanxi Province), and decreased gradually in western and eastern areas away from these counties．Generally, the kernels had higher oil content in western regions than in eastern ones．Meanwhile, the minimum oil content was 36．10%, which located on Keqi, Inner Mongolia, and the highest was 50．40%, located on Linyou, Shaanxi Province．2) There was small fluctuation in antioxidant activity between different habitats and the value presented random distribution．The values of FRAP were between 40．30 and 55．48, which were collected from Pingquan, Hebei Province and Linxi, Inner Mongolia, respectively．3）The oil contents between varieties were significant, in which the oil content of P. armeniaca’s apricot was higher than Prunus siberia, while no significant difference in antioxidant activity． 4) We divided two categories by the method of principal component analysis based on the oil content, antioxidant activity, varieties, physical properties of apricot seeds and biological characteristics of apricot trees．Fifteen counties were ranked as the habitats to produce high quality kernels, such as Yanqing, Miyun, Pingquan, Longhua, Huocheng, Chaoyang, Linyou, Guangling, Weichang, Zhidan, Zhenyuan, Linxi, Ningcheng, Xinyuan, and Gongliu, and Gongliu was the best habitat