不同氮肥基追比对机采棉光合物质生产及产量的影响
Effect of Different Ratios of Base and Topdressing Nitrogen Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Production and Yield of Machine-picked Cotton

通过研究不同氮肥基追比水平对机采棉光合物质生产及产量的影响，筛选新疆机采棉适宜氮肥基追比例，为机采棉合理施用氮肥及高产提供理论依据。以适宜机采的棉花品种‘新陆中47号’为试验材料，总施氮量相同，比较分析5种不同基肥与追肥比处理（基追比0∶100、10∶90、20∶80、30∶70、40∶60）对机采棉净光合特性、干物质积累与分配及产量的影响。结果表明，在氮肥总量相同的情况下，基追比为20∶80的处理，棉花叶面积指数（LAI）、净光合速率得到提高，且营养生长和生殖生长得到有效合理的协调，并促进生殖器官干物质的积累；单铃质量和单株铃数显著增加，单铃质量较其他处理提高0.64、0.46、0.26和0.38 g，单株铃数增加1.98、1.35、0.71和1.83个；皮棉产量达到3 583.3 kg·hm-2。
To explore effect of different ratios of base and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic production and yield of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang, a field experiment was conducted with Xinluzhong No.47 and using equal amounts of nitrogen but different rations of base and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, i.e. 0∶100, 10∶90, 20∶80, 30∶70, 40∶60, respectively, and net photosynthetic rate, accumulation and distribution on dry matter and yield were measured. The results showed that in the treatment 20∶80, LAI and net photosynthetic rate increased and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth were coordinated effectively, and promoting the accumulation of dry matter of reproductive organs;the weight of single boll and boll number per plant increased significantly, and compared with the other treatments, single boll mass increased by 0.64, 0.46, 0.26 and 0.38 g, boll number of per plant increased by 1.98, 1.35, 0.71 and 1.83; lint yield reached 3 583.3 kg·hm-2.