农业废弃物基质对黄瓜育苗的效果
Effect of Agricultural Wastes Composting Substrates on Cucumber Seedling

以发酵完全的玉米秸秆和菇渣为原料，通过添加不同体积的蛭石、珍珠岩配制成复合基质，设置T1处理（菇渣∶蛭石=1∶2）、T2处理（菇渣∶蛭石=1∶3）、T3处理（菇渣∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1）、T4处理（玉米秸秆∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1）、T5处理（玉米秸秆∶蛭石=1∶1）5个处理，以传统的育苗优势基质配方（草炭∶蛭石=2∶1 ）为对照，以‘津春4号’黄瓜品种为材料，通过分析黄瓜幼苗的生长指标及生理指标，筛选出适宜黄瓜幼苗生长的复合基质配方。结果表明：在含有菇渣的（T1、T2和T3）处理中，T2处理的各生长指标、根系活力及可溶性蛋白质量分数均显著高于对照，根冠比及叶绿素质量分数与对照均无显著性差异， 而T1和T3处理的各指标均显著低于对照；含有玉米秸秆的（T4和T5）处理中，T4处理的生长指标及叶绿素质量分数与对照无显著性差异，且根系活力、可溶性蛋白质量分数显著高于对照，而T5处理的各指标均低于对照。同时，T2和T4处理的综合评价系数（分别为0.96、0.60）均大于 0.50 ，而T1、T3和T5处理的综合评价系数均小于0.20。综上所述，菇渣∶蛭石=1∶3和 玉米秸秆∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1可以作为黄瓜幼苗基质。
The aim of this study is to obtain the optimum proportion of perlite and vermiculite to compost maize stalks/mushroom for a good growing media in cucumber seedling,and it could be horticulturaly acceptable as an alternative for commercial substrate or cucumber seedling culture.In the experiment,we studied the effects of physical and chemical properties of different treatments on cucumber seedlings.Three treatments were set with mushroom: T1 (mushroom: vermiculite=1∶2,volume ratio),T2 (mushroom: vermiculite=1∶3,volume ratio),T3 (mushroom∶vermiculite∶perlite=1∶1∶1,volume ratio).The maize stalks were used for two treatments:T4 (corn stalks∶vermiculite∶perlite=1∶1∶1,volume ratio),T5 (corn stalks∶vermiculite=1∶1,volume ratio).And we took ‘Jinchun 4’ cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) as experimental material and traditional commercial substrate (peat∶vermiculite=2∶1,volume ratio) as control.Each experiment was repeated three times and all treatments were only irrigated water.The results indicated that,T2 with mushroom were better than CK in the leaf area of fresh mass of shoot,fresh mass of root,dry mass of shoot,dry mass of root,dry mass of plant,seedling index,root shoot ratio,root activity and soluble protein of cucumber ,the root shoot ratio and chlorophyll of cucumber in T2 had no significant difference with CK.But every index in T1 and T3 was lower than CK.The cucumber fresh mass of shoot,dry mass of shoot,root activity and soluble protein of T4 were better than CK,and other growth indexes and chlorophy11 of T4 had no significant difference with CK.But every index of T5 was lower than CK.At the same time,the comprehensive evaluation coefficient of T2 and T4 (was 0.96,0.60 respectively) were more than 0.50,but T1,T3,T5 were less than 0.20.In conclusion,T2 (mushroom∶vermiculite=1∶3,volume ratio) and T4 (corn stalks∶vermiculite∶perlite=1∶1∶1,volume ratio) were horticulturaly acceptable as an alternative for commercial substrate or cucumber seedling culture.