小麦抗倒性评价方法的比较分析
Comparison and Analysis of the Methods for Evaluating Wheat Lodging Resistance

为寻找简便快捷的小麦品种抗倒性鉴定方法，以48个国家冬小麦黄淮南片水地组区域试验小麦新品系为试验材料，通过对小麦品系茎秆等特性的调查分析，结合多试点抗倒性验证，比较4种倒伏指数法在小麦品种抗倒性鉴定评价中的效果。相关性及主成分分析结果表明，倒伏与株高、基部茎节特性等密切相关。其中，倒伏与第1至第3节茎秆长度、株高、重心高度呈极显著正相关，与第2节茎秆的径长比、基部茎秆弹性呈极显著负相关，表明株高越矮，基部节间越短，特别是第2茎节短且粗，茎秆基部弹性越强，小麦品种抗倒性越好。4种倒伏指数均与第2、3茎节长度呈极显著正相关，与第2茎节机械强度呈极显著负相关，且分别与其他茎秆等特性呈显著或极显著相关，表明第2、3茎节长度和第2茎节的机械强度是上述4种倒伏指数法鉴定小麦品种抗倒性的共性基础，同时各倒伏指数又有其特定的关联性状。4种倒伏指数均可有效鉴定小麦品种抗倒性，但从便利性及相关性密切程度方面比较，倒伏指数2和倒伏指数3鉴定的评价效果更好。
One of the main concerns of wheat breeders was how to judge the lodging resistance of varieties quickly and effectively.In order to find a simple and quick method for lodging resistance identification of wheat varieties,we compared with 4 kinds of lodging index methods in evaluating the lodging resistance,and 48 new wheat lines tested in regional trial of irrigation group in annual 2016-2017 of Yellow and Huai River Valley Winter Wheat Zone were analyzed using correlation analysis and principal component analysis by stalk characteristics analysis and multi pilot lodging resistance validation.The result showed that correlation coefficients of lodging index among length of first to third stem,height of central gravity and plant height were in significant at the 0.01 level with positive correlation,substantial degree of second stem and basal stem elasticity were in significant at the 0.01 level with negative correlation,indicated that wheat varieties or lines which owned the traits such as lower plant height,shorter basal internode,stronger elasticity of the basal stem,shorter and thicker second stem especially would be good in lodging resistance.The correlation coefficients of 4 types of lodging index among the length of second,third stem were in significant at the 0.01 level with positive correlation,and negative correlation with mechanical strength of second stem at 0.01 level.Different types of lodging index were significantly related to the other characteristics of stem or other traits at 0.05 level or 0.01 level.It indicated that the second,third stem length and mechanical strength of second stem were the common related traits for the above 4 lodging index methods to identify the lodging resistance of wheat varieties,and each lodging index had its specific correlation traits.4 kinds of lodging indexes could identify the lodging resistance of wheat varieties effectively,but the lodging index No.2 and lodging index No.3 would be better compared with convenience and the value of correlation coefficients.