水肥耦合对南疆沙区滴灌红枣光合特性及产量的影响
Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Photosynthetic Characteristics，Growth and Yield of Red Jujube under Drip Irrigation Condition

为探究南疆沙区常年漫灌改滴灌后红枣适宜的水肥灌溉制度，以当地8 a成龄‘骏枣’树为供试材料，结合大田试验，在滴灌条件下进行水肥二因素三水平完全处理小区试验。结果表明：灌水对红枣叶片光合特性、生长及灌溉水利用效率（iWUE）的影响达显著性水平（P<0.05）或极显著水平（P<0.01），施肥对肥料偏生产力（PFP）的影响达到显著性水平（P<0.05），水肥耦合效应对红枣叶片光合特性、生长、灌溉水利用效率（iWUE）和肥料偏生产力（PFP）均达到显著性水平（P<0.05）或极显著水平（P<0.01）。新梢前期，通过提高水肥使用量促进红枣生长，从新梢中期开始，中水中肥处理（W2F2）为红枣生长提供最适宜的水分和养分；中水低肥（W2F1）的叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）和胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和产量最高，同时，在产量最优基础上其iWUE和PFP值也达到较高水平。W2F1处理红枣叶片Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci比漫灌(CK)分别提高12.61%、17.32%、8.89%、10.66%；产量、iWUE和PFP相对于CK分别提高6.77%、29.89%、193.41%。综上，研究认为灌溉定额820 mm（W2）、施肥量200-100-150 kg·hm-2(F1)为南疆沙区滴灌红枣适宜的灌溉制度，对南疆沙区改善传统农业水肥管理方式将具有积极的作用。
In order to explore the suitable irrigation system of water and fertilizer under the condition of changing flood irrigation into drip irrigation for jujube in the southern Xinjiang sandy area,used local ‘Jun-jujube’ of the 8 years as test materials,and a complete experiment of water and nitrogen with three levels each under drip irrigation was conducted in field. The results showed that irrigation had significant effect at 0.05 or 0.01 level on photosynthetic characteristics,growth and irrigation application use efficiency (iWUE) of jujube leaves,effect of fertilization on fertilizer partial productivity (PFP) reached significance level (P<0.05),and coupling effects of water and fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics,growth,irrigation application use efficiency (iWUE) and fertilizer partial productivity (PFP) had reached significance level(P<0.05) or extremely significance level (P<0.01). At the early growth stage of the new tip,adding water and fertilizer promoted the growth of jujude,and middle-water and middle-fertilization treatment (W2F2) provided the optimum quantity of water and nutrients at the middle growth stage. Net leaf photosynthetical rate (Pn),transpiration rate (Tr),stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and yield of W2F1 treatment were at the maximum. The value of iWUE and PFP also reached higher level on the basis of the optimum. Compared to CK,the Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci were increased 12.61%,17.32%,8.89% and 10.66% respectively under W2F1 treatment,and the yield,iWUE and PFP were increased 6.77%,29.89% and 193.41% respectively. To sum up,the research suggested that the feasible irrigation quota and fertilizer quantity were 820 mm(W2) and 200-100-150 kg·hm-2 (F1) for irrigation system,and it would has a positive effect to improve the traditional agricultural methods in the southern Xinjiang sandy area.