不同土壤水分条件对小麦光合生理和产量的影响
Effect of Soil Water Content on Photosynthesis and Yield of Wheat under Different Soil Water Content Conditions

在盆栽条件下，设置5个土壤水分处理，研究不同土壤含水量对小麦光合生理及产量的影响。结果表明，小麦成熟期的株高、节间长及孕穗期和开花期的单茎绿叶面积随土壤含水量的增加而逐渐增加，并以水分含量偏高处理W5（80%～90%田间持水量）最高。土壤适宜含水量处理W4（70%～80%田间持水量）孕穗期、开花期和灌浆中期的叶绿素含量高于W5，表明土壤含水量偏高不利于小麦叶绿素含量的增加。随着土壤含水量的增加小麦的光合特性得到改善，并以W4处理表现最优，W5次之，其中W4的光合速率分别比W1（40%～50%田间持水量）和W2（50%～60%田间持水量）的显著增加35.5%和26.7%。随着土壤含水量的增加，叶绿素荧光参数Fo、Fm、ΦpsII、ETR和 qP呈先增加后下降的趋势，并以W4处理的最高，W5处理的次之。W4处理具有最高的经济产量，W5处理具有最高的生物产量，其中W4处理的单茎经济产量和生物产量、每盆经济产量和生物产量分别比W1显著增加98.6%、52.1%、311.2%和197.7%。研究得出，土壤水分含量偏高比适宜土壤水分含量处理具有较高的株高、单茎绿叶面积和生物产量，而生育中后期的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、光合速率和经济产量却低于土壤适宜水分含量处理。
A pot experiment with five treatments of soil water content was conducted to study the effect of different soil water content on photosynthetic physiology and yield of wheat. The results showed that the plant height,internode length of wheat at maturity stage and the green leaf area per stem at booting stage and flowering stage were gradually increased with the increasing of soil water content,and the treatment of W5(80%-90%of field moisture capacity) with slightly higher soil water content had the highest values. The chlorophyll content at booting stage,flowering stage and middle of filling stage of W4(70%-80%of field moisture capacity) with suitable soil water content was higher than that of W5,which indicated that slightly higher soil water content was not conducive to increase wheat chlorophyll content. The photosynthetic characteristics of wheat was improved with the increasing of soil water content,W4 had the optimal photosynthetic characteristics and followed by W5,when compared to W1(40%-50% of field moisture capacity) and W2(50%-60% of field moisture capacity),the photosynthetic rate of W4 was significantly increased by 35.5% and 26.7%. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Fo,Fm,ΦpsII,ETR and qP had a change trend of initial increase and then decrease with the increasing of soil water content,the values of W4 were the highest and followed by W5. The treatment of W4 had the highest economic yield,and the treatment of W5 had the highest biological yield,when compared to W1,the economic yield per stem,biological yield per stem,economic yield per pot and biological yield per pot were significantly increased by 98.6%,52.1%,311.2% and 197.7%,respectively. All the findings demonstrated that plant height,green leaf area per stem and biological yield of the treatment of slightly higher soil water content were higher than those of the treatment of suitable soil water content,while the chlorophyll content at middle and late growth stage,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,photosynthetic rate and economic