施肥对甜高粱产量、养分吸收及品质的影响
Effects of Fertilization on Yield, Nutrition Uptake and Quality of Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench

以‘辽甜1号’为材料，分析氮磷钾肥不同施肥类型和氮肥施用量对甜高粱产量、养分吸收及品质的影响。结果表明：氮、磷、钾肥单施或配施均可显著增加甜高粱籽粒产量，其中，N、P2O5和K2O各300 kg/hm 配施产量最高，为3 816 kg/hm，相比不施肥增产79.2%。氮磷钾肥配施经济效益最高，为10 092 元/hm ，较不施肥增收40.7%。N、P2O5和K2O各300 kg/hm配施植株氮、磷、钾吸收总量最大，吸氮量比不施肥增加76.8%，吸磷量增加131.2%，吸钾量增加90.7%，以300 kg/hm P2O5和300 kg/hm K2O为底肥，增施氮肥有利于提高甜高粱产量和经济效益，但不利于成熟期甜高粱茎秆糖分的积累。氮、磷、钾吸收量随施氮量增加均呈现先增加后减少的趋势，适量施用氮肥有利于甜高粱对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收，氮肥过量施用不但造成资源浪费，而且不利于养分的吸收。氮肥最佳施用量为246.0 kg/hm，籽粒产量较不施氮肥增产49.4%，经济效益增收29.3%。
The purpose of this project was to study the effects of fertilization on yield, nutrition uptake and quality of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and provided the basis for the reasonable fertiliztion. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ‘Liaotian No.1’ was utilized as testing materials.The results showed that single application of nitrigen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers could significantly increase the yield of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Combined application of each 300 kg/hm N, P2O5 and K2O also increased the yield. Combined application of each 300 kg/hm N, P2O5 and K2O was the optimum to the yield and yield was 3 816 kg/hm. Compared with no fertilizer, combined application of each 300 kg/hm N, P2O5 and K2O increased the yield of 79.2%. Combined application of N,P and K has the highest economic outputs of 10 092 yuan/hm and increased by 40.7% compared with that of no fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer influenced stem sugar content and was the main factor. Fertilization improved nutrient uptake, dry matter accumulation. Compared with no fertilizer, combined application of each 300 kg/hm N, P2O5 and K2O was optimal with more 76.8% N, 131.2%P and 90.7% K absorption．With the base fertilizer of 300 kg/hm P2O5 and 300 kg/hm K2O, nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the yield and economic benefits, but nitrogen fertilizer was not conducive to the accumulation of sugar. Nutrient uptake firstly increased and then decreased with increasing of nitrogen fertilizer. The application of nitrogen fertilizer at an appropriate rate was advantageous to absorption of N, P,K nutrient. Excess nitrogen fertilization not only cause the waste of resources, but also not conducive to the absorption of nutrients. The best application amount of nitrogen fertilizer rate was 246.0 kg/hm. Compared with the no nitrogen fertilizer, yield increased 49.4% and economic benefits increased 29.3%.