脱落酸和乙烯利对‘蛇龙珠’葡萄果实品质及花色苷的影响
Effects of ABA and ETH on Grape Quality and Anthocyanin of Cabernet gernischt

为了探索不同质量浓度脱落酸（ABA）和乙烯利（ETH）对酿酒葡萄果实品质及花色苷的影响，本研究以宁夏玉泉营产区2002年生酿酒葡萄‘蛇龙珠’为试材，对葡萄喷施100、200、300 mg·L-1脱落酸和400、500、600 mg·L-1乙烯利，测定果实可溶性固形物和总糖质量分数及总酸、单宁、总酚、总花色苷和类黄酮质量浓度，并利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对花色苷进行定性定量分析。结果表明：不同处理均可有效改善果实品质，提高总花色苷、类黄酮质量浓度及PAL活性，其中300 mg·L-1ABA处理效果显著高于其他处理；在果皮中共检测到花翠素3-O-葡萄糖苷（Dp）、花青素3-O-葡萄糖苷（Cy）、3′-甲基花翠素3-O-葡萄糖苷（Pt）、甲基花青素3-O-葡萄糖苷（Pn）、二甲花翠素3-O-葡萄糖苷（Mv）、甲基花青素3-O-（6-O-乙酰）葡萄糖苷（Pa）、二甲花翠素3-O-（6-O-乙酰）葡萄糖苷（Ma）、甲基花青素3-O-（6-O-对香豆酰）葡萄糖苷（Pc）和二甲花翠素3-O-（6-O-对香豆酰）葡萄糖苷（Mc）9种花色苷，且300 mg·L-1ABA可极显著提高葡萄花色苷质量浓度，其中4种主要呈色花色苷Pt、Mv、Ma和Mc较对照分别提高49.42%、35.60%、26.27%和37.74%。研究得出，ABA和ETH处理可显著改善‘蛇龙珠’葡萄果实品质，其中300 mg·L-1ABA处理可极显著促进葡萄成熟及果皮花色苷质量浓度的积累，效果最佳。
In order to investgate the effects of different mass concentrations of ABA and ETH on quality of wine grape and anthocyanin, Cabernet gernischt produced in 2002 in Yuquanying of Ningxia was used as material, different mass concentrations of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA 100,200,300 mg·L-1) and ethephon (ETH 400,500,600 mg·L-1) were applied to berries of grape respectively to determine contents of soluble solids, total sugar, titratable acidity, tannin, total phenol, anthocyanin and flavonoid, and HPLC was used to analyse the anthocyanin qualitatively and quantitatively.The results demonstrated that different treatments could effectively improve the fruit quality and increase the content of total anthocyanin, flavonoid as well as PAL activity, among them, the effect of 300 mg·L-1ABA treatment was significantly higher than that of others.We detected nine kinds of anthocyanins in grapes skin such as Dp, Cy, Pt, Pn, Mv, Pa, Pc, Ma and Mc these, and the 300 mg·L-1 ABA treatment could significantly increase anthocyanin content of grape, in which of them ,four kinds of main anthocyanins（Pt, Mv, Ma and Mc）increased 49.42%, 35.60%, 26.27% and 37.74% respectively compared with control. With comprehensive analysis, ABA and ETH treatments could significantly improve fruit quality of Cabernet gernischt , 300 mg·L-1ABA treatment could more significantly promote fruit maturity ,anthocyanin accumulation effectively in grape skin.