不同除草方式对稻田杂草群落及其多样性的影响
Effects of Different Weed Controls on Weed Communities and Diversity in Paddy Fields

为了解不同除草方式［人工除草（A01）和化学除草（B01）］稻田杂草群落和生物多样性的现状，2016年对新疆伊犁河谷2种不同除草方式稻田杂草重要值、生态位宽度和生态位重叠值进行研究。结果表明：A01和B01稻田杂草种类分别有10目11科12属14种和6目7科10属11种，2种模式杂草群落结构类似，为阔叶类杂草+莎草科杂草+禾本科杂草；A01重要杂草和主要杂草为B01的1.33倍和1.50倍；A01扁秆藨草生态位宽度（0.838 2）最大，B01长芒稗生态位宽度（0.895 9）最大；B01中长芒稗、空心莲子草、扁秆藨草生态位宽度均高于0.6且长芒稗-空心莲子草（A01： 0.814 8，B01： 0.790 9）、长芒稗-扁秆藨草（A01：0.838 0，B01：0.735 3）和空心莲子草-扁秆藨草（A01： 0.967 9，B01： 0.614 5）的生态位重叠值也均高于0.6，说明不同除草方式下，稻田杂草种间竞争格局发生改变，长芒稗、空心莲子草和扁秆藨草逐步演替为调查区主要杂草且其在B01稻田表现出抗药性。
In order to understand the current situation of the weed communities and biodiversity under different weed control modes［conventionally mode(A01) and pestcide modes(B01)］ in rice fields,the important values,niche breadth and niche overlap values of weeds in rice fields were studied under these two modes in Yili River valley of Xinjiang in 2016. The results showed that there were two modes，one is 10 orders 11 families 12 genuses 14 species and the other is 6 orders 7 families 10 genuses and 11 species,respectively. Their community structure broadleaf weeds + sedge weeds + grass weeds was similar.The highest ratio of important weeds and main weeds of A01 accounted for 1.33 times and 1.50 times of B01.Scirpus planiculmis Fr. Schmidt had the highest niche breadth(0.838 2) in A01,while Echinochloa caudata Roshev had the highest niche breadth in B01(0.895 9). In addition,the niche breadth of E.caudata Roshev,Alternanthera aphiloxeroides and S. planiculmis Fr. Schmidt were all higher than 0.6 in B01 and the niche overlap values of E.caudata Roshev-A.aphiloxeroides（A01: 0.814 8,B01: 0.790 9）, E.caudata Roshev-S. planiculmis Fr.Schmidt（A01: 0.838 0，B01: 0.735 3） and A.aphiloxeroides- S.planiculmis Fr.Schmidt （A01: 0.967 9,B01:0.614 5） were also higher than 0.6,which revealed that under different control modes,the interspecific competition pattern in rice fields had changed,and E. caudata Roshev.,A. aphiloxeroides and S. planiculmis Fr.Schmidt. gradually replaced as the main rice field weeds in paddy fields and it showed resistance to herbicide in B01.