减量施肥对越夏番茄产量、品质及土壤养分的影响
Effect of Reducing Fertilizer Application on Yield,Nutritional Quality of Over-summering Tomato and Soil Nutrients

为研究减量施肥对大棚越夏番茄栽培的影响，采用田间试验，研究常规施肥（CK）和3个减量施肥处理（T1、T2和T3）对番茄产量、营养品质和土壤养分的影响。3个减肥处理分别为：降低CK磷肥用量50%的处理T1、降低T1处理肥料用量20%和50%的处理T2和T3。结果表明，减肥处理番茄单果质量、产量和养分携出量与CK差异不显著。与CK相比，减肥处理均显著提高番茄根冠比、>2 mm根数、番茄果实还原性糖质量分数和糖酸比，增幅分别为23.8%~27.0%、35.7%~103.6%、9.3%~16.5%和16.4%~25.8%。减肥处理尤其T3处理显著降低收获后表层土壤NO-3-N、速效磷、0~40 cm土层土壤速效钾累积量及表层土壤电导率的增幅。因此，在当前农民常规氮磷钾肥施用量下，减少氮磷钾用量不会导致番茄减产，反而具有改善果实品质和土壤养分过量累积的效果。其中在本试验条件下N-P2O5-K2O用量为424.8-222.8-607.3 kg/hm2时，番茄品质和土壤养分累积情况最佳。
The aim of this study was to test the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction on over-summering tomato cultivated in grown in greenhouse.There were four treatments,including conventional fertilization (CK,N(849.6 kg/hm2)-P2O5(891.3 kg/hm2)-K2O(1 214.6 kg/hm2),a 50% reduction of phosphorus fertilizer (T1,N(849.6 kg/hm2)-P2O5(445.6 kg/hm2)-K2O(1 214.6 kg/hm2) ,a 20% chemical fertilizer reduction of T1 treatment (T2,N(679.7 kg/hm2)-P2O5(356.5 kg/hm2)-K2O(971.7 kg/hm2) and a 50% chemical fertilizer reduction of T1 treatment (T3,N(424.8 kg/hm2)-P2O5(222.8 kg/hm2)-K2O(607.3 kg/hm2).The results showed that,there was no significant different between all fertilizer reduction treatments and the CK treatment in single fruit mass,yield per unit area and nutrient uptake.Compared with the CK treatment,all fertilizer reduction treatments increased the root shoot ratio,the number of >2 mm root,and ratio of reducing sugar and sugar-acid in tomato by 23.8%-27.0%,35.7%-103.6%,9.3%-16.5% and 16.4%-25.8%,respectively.All fertilizer reduction treatments,especially T3 treatment, significantly decreased the accumulation of NO-3-N and Olsen-P in 0-20 cm soil depth and available K in 0-40 cm soil depth,and the growing rate of soil electric conductivity in 0-20 cm soil depth.Therefore,under the current farmers’ conventional nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,reducing the amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium will not lead to the reduction of tomato yield,but it has the effect of improving the quality of fruit and the excess accumulation of soil nutrients.Under the condition of N-P2O5-K2O dosage of 424.8-222.8-607.3 kg/hm2,tomato quality and soil nutrient accumulation were the best.