不同矮化中间砧对苹果幼树根系形态及养分质量分数的影响
Effects of Different Dwarfing Interstocks on Root Morphology and Nutrient Mass Fraction of Apple Saplings

以当年定植的6种矮化中间砧的‘长富2号’幼树为试材,对其根系形态指标及矿质元素质量分数进行测定分析。结果表明，以‘GM256’为中间砧的苹果幼树根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数及分枝数最大，其次为‘辽砧2号’，‘SH1’最小，差异极显著；在d≤0.5 mm、0.5 mm＜d≤2.0 mm和d＞2.0 mm根径级中，‘GM256’为中间砧的苹果幼树根系形态指标均为最大值，其次是‘辽砧2号’，‘SH1’均是最小值；‘辽砧2号’为中间砧的苹果幼树根系N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn质量分数最高，其次为‘GM256’，‘SH1’为中间砧的根系Fe、Cu、Zn质量分数最高；根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、分枝数与部分矿质元素存在显著的相关性，根直径与各元素均不存在显著的相关性。通过对嫁接不同矮化中间砧的苹果幼树根系形态及养分质量分数的比较得出，‘长富2号’苹果在采用山定子为基砧时，嫁接‘GM256’和‘辽砧2号’中间砧的树体根系发育好，养分吸收能力强。
Taking six kinds dwarfing interstocks of apple saplings of ‘Nagafu 2’ in the year of planting as test materials.The root morphology index were analyzed and the mineral nutrition of root was determined.The results showed that the root length,root surfarea,root volume, root tips,root forks of ‘GM256’ in six dwarfing interstocks were the largest,‘Liaozhen No.2’ was the second largest,‘SH1’ was minimum; in six dwarfing interstocks,‘GM256’ had the largest values in root morphology of different diameter,‘Liaozhen No.2’ was the second largest,‘SH1’ was minimum; ‘Liaozhen No.2’ had the largest values in N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Mn of different diameter,‘GM256’ was the second largest,‘SH1’ had the largest values in Fe,Cu,Zn of different diameter; there was a extremely significant positive correlation between part of the mineral elements and root length,root surfarea,root volume,root tips,root forks,there was no significant correlation between all mineral elements and root diameter. It could be drawn by comparing the root morphology and nutrient content of young apple trees with different grafted dwarfing interstocks that when ‘Changfu No.2’ apple adopted Malus baccata Borkh as the rootstock,the roots of trees grafted with ‘GM256’ and ‘Liaozhen No.2’ interstocks had better developmental capacity and stronger nutrient absorption ability.