小麦产量与根系的边际效应
Marginal Effect of Root and Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

为明确小麦产量、根系主要数量性状和根系活力的边际效应，以黄淮平原麦区不同品质类型的品种（郑麦9023、矮抗58、周麦18和豫麦50）为材料，于2011-2012年度对单株或单茎次生根数、单株根鲜质量、根系活力等进行系统研究。结果表明,供试品种的产量具有明显的边际效应；不同品种边1行相对于边4行单株次生根数增加0.4%~23.4%，单株根鲜质量增加3.8%~31.4%，根系活力增加2.0%~28.8%。总体而言，供试品种的边1行相对于边4行，Ⅰ蘖和Ⅱ蘖次生根数分别增加13.6%和34.3%，而主茎次生根总数分别是Ⅰ蘖和Ⅱ蘖的1.76倍和1.84倍。可见在所设定的研究条件下，不同小麦品种根系主要数量性状与根系活力均存在边际效应，单茎次生根边际效应在分蘖尤其是Ⅱ蘖上表现更为明显；供试品种间以及不同生育时期的根系次生根数量、根鲜质量、根系活力等边际效应存在差异。生产上可参考不同品种的边际效应，来选用合理的种植模式，充分发挥小麦根系边际效应，以达到最大限度增产目的。
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the marginal effect of yield ,root quantitative and activity in main wheat cultivars in Huanghuai Plain from 2011 to 2012.We systematically studied and analyzed the marginal effect of nodal roots of each plant,nodal roots of each tiller,fresh root mass of each plant and root activity. The results showed that there were obvious marginal effects in grain yield. The numbers of nodal roots and the fresh root mass of each plant,the root activity in row 1 increased by 0.4%-23.4%,3.8%-31.4%,2.0%-28.8% compared with row 4 in various cultivars,respectively. In general,the nodal roots of tillerⅠand tillerⅡ of row 1 increased by 13.6% and 34.3% compared with row 4,respectively.However,the nodal roots of main culm were 1.76 and 1.84 times to tillerⅠand tillerⅡ,respectively. Genearally,the marginal effect of the main root quantitative and physiological traits in different cultivars existed,the marginal effect of nodal roots of tiller were more obvious in tiller especially in tillerⅡthan in mail culm. The marginal effect of nodal roots of each plant,nodal roots of each tiller,fresh root mass of each plant and root vigor were different in Zhengmai 9023,Aikang 58,Zhoumai 18 and Yumai 50 at different growth stages. The marginal effect of wheat roots could be well used to increase agricultural production by selection of wheat varieties.