不同覆盖模式对旱地苹果园土壤养分、微生物和酶活性的影响
Soil Nutrients,Enzyme Activities and Microbes in Non-irrigation Apple Orchard under Different Mulching Managements

为研究不同覆盖模式对旱地苹果园土壤环境的影响，以11 a生“信浓红”苹果树为试材，对比分析全覆膜、生草覆草、起垄覆膜、“肥水膜”一体化和清耕处理下苹果园土壤养分、酶活性和微生物数量的变化。结果表明：生草覆草可以显著提高土壤有机质的质量分数，不同覆盖处理均可增加土壤速效养分，尤以“肥水膜”一体化效果最为显著。不同覆盖处理都能提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性，“肥水膜”一体化技术能较对照明显提高土壤酶活性，且处理对土壤酶活的影响主要集中在表土层，不同土壤酶活性和有机质的质量分数存在显著相关性。与常规施肥相比，覆盖处理后能不同程度增加土壤中微生物的数量，且均以生草覆草效果最佳。综合分析，旱地苹果园采用“肥水膜”一体化技术配合行间生草可以在一定程度上改善果园土壤生态环境，提高土壤肥力。
11 a Cinano Red apple was used to study the effects of different management systems of ground cover on soil environment in apple orchard of non-irrigation .The mulching treatments were:full of plastic mulch,growing and mulching grass,ridging under plastic mulch,irrigation with fertilizer under plastic mulch,the cleaning tillage. This study focuses on the difference of soil available nutrient,enzyme activity and soil microbe between different mulching treatments. The results showed that growing and mulching grass could significantly increase soil organic matter mass fraction, irrigation with fertilizer under plastic mulch could significantly increase soil available nutrient among all the treatments.Compared with the cleaning tillage, the mulching managements had significant effects on increasing the activity of urease,sucrase and phosphatase,which mainly embodied in the topsoil. The soil enzyme activity and organic matter mass fraction had a significant correlation.Compared with the cleaning tillage, the mulching managements could increase the quantity of soil microbe,especially, the treatment of growing and mulching grass had the most obvious effect under all treatments.The comprehensive analysis indicated that combining irrigation with fertilizer under plastic mulch and mulching grass together is a practical method to improve soil ecological environment and increase soil fertility in non-irrigation apple orchard.