修剪方式对广玉兰大树移植成活率及生长的影响
Effects of Pruning Methods on Survival Rate and Growth of Transplanted Adult Trees of Magnolia grandiflora

为提高大树移植成活率及探索修剪方式与大树移植成活生长的关系，以20 a以上生广玉兰为试材，以全冠移植为对照(CK)，分别采用剪去1/3枝叶量的轻度修剪(QX)、剪去2/3枝叶量的中度修剪(ZX)和不留枝叶的截干回缩修剪(JX)3 种方式修剪后移植，经过3 a连续试验观察，研究不同修剪方式对广玉兰大树移植成活率和生长的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，3 种修剪方式极显著提高广玉兰移植后的成活率和新生叶片数、第2 年（2013年）和第3年（2014年）的侧梢数、侧梢长度和底径以及第1 年（2012年）和第3 年（2014年）冠幅生长；与其他2 种修剪方式相比，JX显著提高广玉兰移植成活率、第2 年（2013年）和第3 年（2014年）的侧梢数、顶梢长度、侧梢长度及冠幅生长以及第3 年（2014年）的新生叶片数；显著提高第2年 （2013年）和第3 年（2014年）的侧梢底径。表明截干回缩修剪更有利于广玉兰大树移植的成活和复壮生长。
In order to increase the survival rate of transplanted adult tree and to provide reference for understanding the relationship between pruning methods and survival growth,over 20 years adult trees of Magnolia grandiflora were taken as experimental targets of pruning,the transplant of full crown as a control group(CK). Three pruning treatments were done respectively:1/3 branches and leaves pruning(QX),2/3 branches and leaves pruning(ZX) and part of trunk and branches pruning without leaves retained(JX).After three years’ experimental observation,the effects of pruning methods on the survival rate and growth of transplanted adult trees of Magnolia grandiflora were studied. Compared with CK,the results showed that three pruning treatments extremely significantly increased the survival rate and the number of the new leaves,extremely significantly increased the number,the length and the bottom diameter of the lateral branches in the second year(2013) and the third year(2014),and extremely significantly increased the growth of the crown width in the first year(2012) and the third year(2014); compared with the other two pruning treatments,the treatment JX extremely significantly increased adult trees of Magnolia grandiflora in its survival rate,extremely significantly increased the number of the lateral branches,the length of the top branches and the lateral branches in the second year(2013) and the third year(2014),and extremely significantly increased the number of the new leaves in the third year(2014); significantly increased the bottom diameter of the lateral branches in the second year(2013) and the third year(2014). The experimental study indicated that JX is more favorable to improve the survival rate and growth of the transplanted adult trees of Magnolia grandiflora.