几种微生物菌剂对连作棉田枯黄萎病的防病效应
Effects of Microbial Agent Inoculations on Controlling Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae in Cotton Fields of Continuous Cropping

为研制和筛选防治新疆连作棉花病害的优良生防菌剂，通过田间小区试验，研究菌根菌（AM）、菌根菌配合滴施1次生防细菌（AM+P1）、菌根菌配合滴施2次生防细菌（AM+P2）、BIO菌肥（B）、重茬菌剂（C）和木霉菌（M）6种菌剂对连作棉花农田枯萎菌、黄萎菌菌源量、防病效果及对土壤养分和棉花产量的影响。结果表明，与对照相比， AM+P1、AM+P2、AM、B、C、M处理土壤中枯萎菌、黄萎菌数量显著降低（P<0.05），其中枯萎菌菌落数量分别降低52.5%、65.0%、56.3%、46.3%、33.8%、52.5%，黄萎菌微菌核数量分别降低44.0%、36.2%、42.8%、26.7%、22.2%、42.5%；不同处理下，棉花枯萎病、黄萎病的发病率和病情指数均有不同程度地降低，各菌剂防效可达12.2%～38.8%，依次为AM+P1>M> AM+P2>AM>B>C。施用菌剂能改善棉田土壤养分，增加速效氮、磷、钾质量分数；M、AM、AM+P1处理可显著增加土壤有机质质量分数。不同处理下，籽棉产量增加2.7～8.1 kg/hm，其中施用木霉菌剂的棉田增产幅度最大，达到38.3%。
The purpose of the study is to develope and screen the quality bio-control bacterium agent for preventing and controlling the diseases in cotton fields of continuous cropping in Xinjiang. By plot test in the fields, the effects of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum and Verticillium dahliae’s quantity, control effect and the influence to soil nutrition and cotton yields were inducted by these six fungi inoculums treats, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza with one time drop of antagonistic bacteria (AM+P1), arbuscular mycorrhiza with two times drop of antagonistic bacteria (AM+P2), arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), Bio-bacterial fertilizer(B), continuous cropping fungi inoculums (C) and Trichoderma fertilizer(M) in continuous cropping cotton field. The results showed that the bacterium quantity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Verticillium dahliae in soil of each treatment had a significant difference compared with the CK (P<0.05). The quantity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum was reduced 52.5%, 65.0%, 56.3%, 46.3%, 33.8%, 52.5% respectively,the quantity of Verticillium dahliae was reduced 44.0%, 36.2%, 42.8%, 26.7%, 22.2%, 42.5% respectively；incidence and disease index of cotton blight and verticillium wilt were decreased in different level. The control effect could be up to 12.2%-38.8%, and order of the control effects of these six treatments was AM+P1>M>AM+P2>AM>B>C.Meanwhile, the application of microbial inoculums could improve the soil nutrient and increase the mass fraction of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;the M, AM and AM+P1 treatments could also increase the mass fraction of soil organic matter. Seed cotton yields were increased 2.7-8.1 kg/hm, Trichoderma inoculation treatment could increase yield most greatly, which increased yield 38.3%.