不同施肥水平对菜用马铃薯农艺性状及营养品质的影响
Agronomic Traits and Nutrition Qualities of Table Stock Potato Against Different Fertilizations

为探索关中地区春播菜用马铃薯的合理氮、磷、钾施肥量，以‘早大白’为材料，通过田间试验研究不同氮、磷、钾施肥量对马铃薯生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：适当增加氮磷钾配施量有利于马铃薯株高生长，提高块茎膨大期马铃薯根、茎、叶干质量，叶绿素质量分数和净光合速率。与对照相比，适宜增加氮磷钾施肥量能提高块茎产量，增产幅度为7.33%~10.05%，其中最佳施肥组合处理比对照增产2 613.34 kg/hm2。合理的氮磷钾配施能够提高马铃薯块茎干物质、淀粉、维生素C和可溶性蛋白质量分数，降低还原糖质量分数，从而提高马铃薯产品品质。施肥过量会抑制马铃薯生长发育，降低块茎产量和品质。合理的氮、磷、钾肥施用量能够促进马铃薯生长发育，提高块茎产量及品质，其中最佳施肥组合为N 37.18 kg/hm2、P2O5 14.99 kg/hm2、K2O 67.77 kg/hm2。
The objective of this study is to explore the reasonable NPK fertilizer rate of spring planting table stock potato in Guanzhong region. In this paper, field experiments were conducted to study effects of NPK fertilizer rate on growth, yield and quality of ‘Zaodabai’ potato. The results showed that increased NPK fertilizer application appropriately could increase the plant height. It also improved the dry matter of potato roots, stems and leaves and the chlorophyll mass fraction, net photosynthetic rate of potato leaves at tuber bulging stage. Compared with CK, the reasonable NPK fertilizer application rate could increase the potato tubers yield by 7.33%-10.05%, the best NPK fertilization treatment had a more pronounced effect, which increased by 2 613.34 kg/hm2 compared with CK treatment. The reasonable NPK fertilizer application rate could significantly increase the dry matter mass fraction, starch mass fraction, soluble protein mass fraction, vitamin C mass fraction and decrease the reducing sugar mass fraction, thus improving the quality of potato. But excessive fertilization would inhibit potato growth and reduce the yield and quality of potato tuber. The reasonable NPK fertilizer application rate could improve the growth, yield and quality of potato, which the best fertilization treatment was N 37.18 kg/hm2,P2O5 14.99 kg/hm2,K2O 67.77 kg/hm2.