发酵杜仲叶粉对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋胆固醇和脂质代谢的影响
Effects of Fermented-eucommia-ulmoides Leaves on Performance, Egg Quality, and Lipid Metabolism of Layers

旨在研究蛋鸡饲粮添加发酵杜仲叶粉、杜仲叶粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能、鸡蛋胆固醇和脂肪代谢的影响。选取900只体质量相近、健康的23周龄海兰褐蛋鸡，采用单因素完全随机试验设计，随机等分为5个处理，每处理6个重复，每重复30只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；试验Ⅱ~Ⅳ组分别按基础饲粮质量分数0.1%、0.3%、0.5%的剂量添加发酵杜仲叶粉，试验Ⅴ组按质量分数0.5%的剂量添加杜仲叶粉。正试期为8周。结果表明：(1)饲粮添加发酵杜仲叶粉能显著提高试验的全期产蛋率(P<0.05)，以0.3%发酵杜仲叶粉组的产蛋率最高，0.5%发酵杜仲叶粉组可显著增加平均蛋质量(P<0.05)，0.3%发酵杜仲叶粉组的料蛋比最低；饲粮添加发酵杜仲叶粉、杜仲叶粉均能显著降低蛋黄胆固醇质量浓度(P<0.05)，其中，以0.5%发酵杜仲叶粉组的蛋黄胆固醇最低；饲粮添加发酵杜仲叶粉、杜仲叶粉均可显著降低蛋鸡血液总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的质量浓度(P<0.05)，显著增加血液中高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的质量浓度(P<0.05)。其中，以0.3%发酵杜仲叶粉组的血液TC质量浓度最低，以0.5%发酵杜仲叶粉组的血液TG、LDL质量浓度最低，以0.5%发酵杜仲叶粉组的血液HDL质量浓度最高；(2）与添加0.5%杜仲叶粉组相比，0.5%发酵杜仲叶粉组平均蛋质量显著增加(P<0.05)，0.3%发酵杜仲叶粉组产蛋率显著增加(P<0.05)，0.3%、0.5%发酵杜仲叶粉组的料蛋比、蛋黄胆固醇质量浓度、血液TC、TG、LDL质量浓度显著降低, HDL质量浓度显著升高(P<0.05)，0.1%发酵杜仲叶粉组与0.5%杜仲叶粉组差异不显著(P>0.05)。可见，饲粮添加发酵杜仲叶粉能够改善蛋鸡生产性能、调节血液脂肪代谢，添加杜仲叶粉对于蛋鸡的血液脂肪代谢、蛋黄胆固醇有一定的调节作用。0.1%的发酵杜仲叶粉可替代0.5%杜仲叶粉，发酵杜仲叶粉的适宜添加量为0.3%。
The study is investigated to value the effects of fermented-Eucommia ulmoides leaves (FEUL) on layer performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, a total of 900 Hailan brown layers,23 weeks of age, were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 6 replications of 30 birds each. Laying hens were fed diets with 0,0.1%,0.3%,0.5% FEUL,0.5% Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EUL),respectively, for an 8-week feeding trial. The results showed that:(1)compared with the control group, FEUL groups improved laying rate and feed conversion ratio and average egg mass (P<0.05).The laying rate in 0.3% FEUL group was the highest of all groups, while the feed/egg ratio in 0.3% FEUL group was the lowest of all groups, the average egg mass in 0.5% FEUL group was higher than other groups;(2)there were no obvious effects on egg quality except that birds fed FEUL and EUL supplemented diet had a decrease in egg-yolk cholesterol; which also had a decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride(TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations of birds from FEUL and EUL groups were increased compared with that of the control(P<0.05), and the content of serum TC in 0.3% FEUL group was the lowest of all groups, and the content of yolk cholesterol,the content of serum TG,LDL in 0.5% FEUL group was the lowest of all groups，while the content of serum HDL in 0.5% FEUL group was higher than other groups. It was concluded that the feasible level of FEUL could improve the performance and the lipid metabolism.According to the egg quality and the cost of feed,0.5% EUL could be replaced by 0.1% FEUL ,it is recommended that 0.3% FEUL should be added to the