不同施肥模式对冬小麦干物质转运及产量的影响
Effects of Different Fertilization Regimes on Dry Matter Translocation and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

为探讨适合河南高产灌区冬小麦施肥模式，以‘豫麦49-198’为供试材料，在玉米秸秆全量还田条件下设置4个处理：不施用肥料为对照（T1），施纯氮240 kg·hm-2（T2），在T2处理基础上分别增施有机肥(鸡粪1 125 kg·hm-2，T3) 和腐熟剂（30 kg·hm-2，T4），以研究不同施肥模式对冬小麦花后干物质积累、分配及产量的影响。结果表明，与T1相比，施肥处理T2、T3和T4产量分别提高90.19%、113.14%和119.29%，差异显著。从产量构成看，施肥处理产量提高以成穗数增加为主（T2、T3和T4分别较T1增加121.10%、145.88%和148.61%），其次是穗粒数（分别增加26.37%，28.85%和38.14%），而千粒质量有所下降（分别下降15.49%、14.60%和13.93%）。3个施肥处理间比较，T3和 T4拔节期叶面积指数分别较T2增加7.17%和10.04%，干物质分别增加13.25%和5.84%；开花期叶面积指数分别增加38.79%和46.35%，干物质分别增加6.59%和4.78%；叶片花前干物质转运量分别增加17.00%和20.03%；最终产量分别提高12.07%和15.30%。表明在秸秆还田和一定施肥基础上，增施有机肥和施用秸秆腐熟剂有利于促进小麦干物质积累和运转，提高产量。
Experiment was conducted under the field condition in high-yielding wheat production area of Wenxian county in Henan province. ‘Yumai 49-198’ (a winter wheat cultivar planted widely in China) was used in the experiment. Four treatments were set up as following:no fertilizer (T1), 240 N kg·hm-2 was applied (T2 ), the other two treatments based on (T2) treatment, 1 125 kg·hm-2 of organic fertilizer was applied (T3) or 30 kg·hm-2 of decomposition agent was applied (T4). The results showed that,grain yield of T2, T3 and T4 treatments was respectively significantly improved by 90.19%, 113.14% and 119.29% compared with T1. And the improvements mainly caused by increase of spike numbers (by 121.10%, 145.88% and 148.61%, respectively), and to kernel No. per spike (by 26.37%，28.85% and 38.14%, respectively). Whereas the 1 000-grain mass decreased by 15.49%, 14.60% and 13.93%, respectively compared to T1. Comparison among fertilizer application treatments showed that, compared with T2 treatment, treatments of T3 and T4 increased leaf area index by 7.17% and 10.04%, respectively at jointing stage, and by 38.79% and 46.35%, respectively at flowering stage. Dry matter accumulation in T3 and T4 improved by 13.25% and 5.84%, respectively at jointing stage, and by 6.59% and 4.78% at flowering stage. And grain yield improved by 12.07% and 15.30%. The study showed that on basis of straw returned and mineral fertilizer application, a certain amount of organic fertilizer and decomposition agent are beneficial to wheat growth and development, and can improve accumulation and distribution of the assimilation mass, and improve grain yield.