不同灌溉制度对南疆绿洲区膜下滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响
Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Cotton Growth and Yield with Drip Irrigation under Plastic Film in Oasis Region of South Xinjiang

通过田间小区试验，研究新疆南疆免冬、春灌膜下滴灌不同灌水量和灌水次数对棉花生长、叶面积指数、根系分布和产量的影响。试验结果表明：增加灌水量和灌水次数可以促进棉花营养生长，提高棉花蕾期和花铃期叶面积指数，相同灌水量下，灌水16次比灌水12次更有利于生殖器官的形成。棉花根系主要分布在垂直方向0~50 cm，水平方向上根系成“凹”型分布，棉花根系生物量为窄行＞宽行＞膜间，窄行根生物量占总根系生物量的46.61%~53.64%，宽行占23.36%~29.64%，膜间占22.17%~25.11%。增加灌水可以提高表层0~30 cm根质量密度，12次灌水根质量密度随灌溉定额的增加而增加，16次灌水中420 mm灌溉定额根质量密度最大。单株铃数、单铃质量、籽棉产量和经济系数在相同灌水量下，16次灌水大于12次灌水，420 mm灌溉定额和16次灌水是南疆免冬、春灌适宜棉花的灌溉制度。
Through the field plot experiment to study the effects of irrigation water amount and frequency on cotton growth, leaf area index （LAI）, root distribution and yield under no-winter and spring irrigation in southern Xinjiang. The results showed that to increase irrigation water amount and frequency was beneficial to cotton vegetation growth, improved LAI on cotton bud and boll growth stage, under the same irrigation water amount,irrigation 16 times than irrigation 12 times more conducive to reproductive organ formation. Cotton roots mainly distributed in 0-50 cm vertical soil layer in all the treatments, horizontal distribution of roots showed “concave” type distribution,root biomass of cotton were narrow row > wide row > membrane,narrow row of root biomass account total root biomass of 46.61%-53.64%, wide row of 23.36%-29.64% and 22.17%-25.11% for membrane.Cotton root mass volume mass of soil 0-30 cm increased with increase irrigation times, cotton root mass volume mass increased with the increase of irrigation amount for 12 times irrigation,16 times in the 420 mm irrigation quota and root mass volume mass maximum.With the same irrigation amount bolls per plant,single boll mass,cotton yeild and economic coefficient 16 times irrigation great than 12 times irrigation,The pattern with 420 mm irrigation amount and 16 times irrigation was suitable with drip irrigation under plastic film on condition that no-winter and spring irrigation in Southern Xinjiang.