穴播栽培对冬小麦生理特性及干物质积累的影响
Effect of Dibbling Cultivation on Physiological Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Winter Wheat

为进一步明确穴播栽培对冬小麦生理特性及产量的影响，以‘西农8727’小麦品种为材料，采用田间试验对比分析3种栽培方式（穴播、沟播、条播）下小麦生理特性及产量的差异。结果表明：穴播栽培条件下小麦叶片SPAD值及净光合速率（Pn）在其各生育时期均大于沟播和条播栽培；穴播栽培可促进小麦灌浆期灌浆速率、缩短灌浆历程,且灌浆速率在花后20 d达到最大，最大灌浆速率穴播比条播和沟播分别高13.9%、42.6%；各生育时期平均单株地上、地下部分干质量穴播均大于沟播和条播。产量表现为穴播＞沟播＞条播, 穴播和沟播分别比条播增产7.77%、4.55%，但各处理间产量差异不显著。可见，穴播栽培会对冬小麦的生理特性产生积极影响并增加产量，但在水热资源较好的关中地区对冬小麦最终产量影响不大。
In order to explore the effect of dibbling cultivation on physiological characteristics and yield of winter wheat in the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province,‘Xinong 8727’ was used as material and three cultivation methods of dibbling, trench sowing and drilling were set. The results showed that the chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of dibbling wheat leaf were higher than those of furrow sowing and seeding cultivation in the different growth period.Dibbling cultivation had promoted the grouting rate of wheat in seed-filling stage and shorted the seed-filling process. Grouting rate reached maximum in the 20 days after flowering and compared dibbling with drilling and trench sowing the maximum grouting rate were increased 13.9% and 42.6% respectively. The average individual dry mass of the ground and underground part the dibbling was higher than that of trench sowing and seeding among the growth period.Theoretical yield was sequenced as dibbling > trench sowing > drilling. The yield of dibbling cultivation was increased 7.77% and 4.55% respectively, compared dibbling with trench sowing and drilling. Dibbling can improve wheat production, but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, dibbling cultivation has the effect on physiological characteristic and yield components of winter wheat, but little influence on wheat production in the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province.