1株拮抗棉花枯、黄萎病菌的纤维素分解菌筛选
Screening of a Cotton Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Verticillium dahliae Antagonistic Strain from Cotton Stalk Decomposing Microorganisms

保护利用重点实验室，新疆阿拉尔 843300；3.塔里木大学 植物科学学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300）为获得具有拮抗棉花枯、黄萎病菌的棉杆促腐菌剂，进行棉杆纤维素分解菌分离及拮抗菌株的筛选，采用平板对峙法测定菌株对棉花枯、黄萎病菌菌丝生长的影响，通过生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定菌株发酵液对2种病原菌菌丝生长以及孢子萌发的影响，并对筛选得到的菌株进行鉴定。结果获得1株具有抑菌效果的棉杆纤维素分解菌SJ-3，其羧甲基纤维素酶活（CMCase）达到69.1 U/mL，滤纸酶活（FPase）达到48.5 U/mL。该菌对棉花枯、黄萎病菌菌丝生长均有显著抑制，抑制率分别达到24.7%、23.1%。其发酵液具有抑菌活性，较高的发酵液浓度能增强对病原菌的抑制作用，发酵液对枯萎病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用较强，最高抑制率为21.6%，而对该病原菌菌丝生长的抑制较弱，最高抑制率仅为6.2%；发酵液对黄萎病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有较强的抑制作用，最高分别达到32.2%、21.4%。经鉴定，菌株SJ-3为普通青霉（Penicillium commune）。
In order to obtain cotton stalk decay-promoting strains antagonistic to cotton Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Verticillium dahliae,the cotton stalk decomposing microorganisms were isolated and the antagonistic strain was screened.The effect of this strain on mycelial growth of cotton F.oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and V.dahliae was measured by plate confrontation method,the effect of the fermentation broth on mycelial growth and spore germination of cotton F.oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and V.dahliae was examined by growth rate method and spore germination method,and this strain was also identified.The results showed that the cotton stalk decomposing strain SJ-3 was antagonistic to cotton Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and Verticillium dahliae was obtained,which exhibited high cellulase activity with CMCase of 69.1 U/mL and FPase activity of 48.5 U/mL.This strain exhibited significant inhibition on mycelial growth of both cotton F.oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum and V.dahlia,and the inhibition rate reached 24.7% and 23.1% respectively.The fermentation broth had good antagonistic activity,it was discovered that the fermentation broth of high concentration enhanced the inhibitory ability on the pathogen.The fermentation broth exhibited high inhibition on spore germination of F.oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum with the highest inhibition rate of 21.6%,while the inhibition on mycelial growth was lower,even the highest inhibition rate was just 6.2%.The fermentation broth exhibited high inhibition on both mycelial growth and spore germination of V.dahliae,the highest inhibition rate achieved 32.2%,21.4%,separately.The strain SJ-3 was identified as Penicillium commune.This research will provide referential technology and support strain for exploitation in cotton stalk decay-promoting and pathogen-resistant microbial inoculum.