‘嘎拉’苹果花粉萌发中培养基组分和培养条件优化
Optimization of in Vitro Liquid Medium Component and Culture Condition for Pollen of ‘Gala’Apple

旨在优化‘嘎拉’苹果花粉萌发中不同培养基组分的添加量和培养条件，为生产中人工授粉和开展相关研究提供参考。采用花粉液体培养法，研究不同培养基组分和培养条件对花粉萌发的影响，结果表明，在液体培养基内添加硼酸（H3BO3）、氯化钙（CaCl2·2H2O）、尿素、聚乙二醇（PEG-3350）和蔗糖，均能促进‘嘎拉’苹果花粉萌发和花粉管生长；在一定范围内，花粉萌发率和花粉管长均随培养基组分添加量的增加而增加，但超过一定添加量时，促进作用逐渐减弱；当H3BO3、CaCl2·2H2O、尿素、PEG-3350和蔗糖的添加量分别为0.3、0.3、3.0、150和80 g/L时，‘嘎拉’苹果花粉萌发率最高，花粉管长也达到最大值；花粉萌发率和花粉管长均随培养基pH的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势，花粉液体培养最适pH为6.5；随着培养温度的增加，花粉萌发率和花粉管长则呈先快速增加后骤降的趋势，花粉液体培养最适温度为25～30 ℃。
Pollen of ‘Gala’ apple was chosen as the material to study the effect of different culture medium composite and culture conditions on pollen germination by in vitro liquid culture method, so as to optimize in vitro liquid culture condition of ‘Gala’ apple pollen and provide a reference to artificial pollination.The results showed that boric acid (H3BO3), calcium chloride (CaCl2·2H2O), urea, ethylene glycol (PEG-3350) and sucrose promoted the pollen germination and pollen tube growth, but this function was gradually weakened if exceeded a certain amount. For each component, the optimum amount for ‘Gala’ pollen germination was 0.3 g/L H3BO3, 0.3 g/L CaCl2·2H2O, 3.0 g/L urea, 150 g/L PEG-3350 and 80 g/L sucrose, respectively. The pollen germination rate and pollen tube length increased first and then decreased with the rising of pH value of medium, and the optimum pH value was 6.5. With the rising of temperature, the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length showed the trend of a rapid increase and then a sharp decline, and the optimum temperature of liquid culture for ‘Gala’ pollen was 25-30 ℃.