节水高效小麦品种筛选与应用研究
Screening and Application of Wheat Varieties with High Efficienty and Wate-saving

为筛选抗旱小麦品种，于2011―2013年设置全生育期不灌水(W0)、灌1水(拔节期灌水80 mm，W1)、灌2水(拔节期灌水80 mm+开花期灌水80 mm，W2)共3种灌溉处理，比较16个冬小麦品种的生长发育特性、产量、农田耗水量（ET）和水分利用效率(WUE)差异。结果表明，不同小麦品种间生长发育特性、产量、ET和WUE均存在显著差异。以2 a平均小麦籽粒产量、ET和WUE为指标进行聚类分析，将16个小麦品种分为4类，分别为以‘周麦24’为代表的节水超高产类，以‘矮抗58’为代表的高产类，以‘新麦26’为代表的节水稳产类，以‘周麦22’为代表的中低产类。W1处理不仅能获得较高产量且WUE最高，‘周麦23’和‘周麦24’因产量和WUE表现优异，推荐其作为豫北地区抗旱节水高效示范推广品种，2013-2014年大田示范节水增产显著。
In order to identify drought-tolerant wheat varieties, field experiments were carried out during 2011-2013 with 3 irrigation rates (including no irrigation, 80 mm during shooting phase, 80 mm during shooting phase and 80 mm during flowering phase, expressed as W0, W1, W2, respectively). 16 local winter wheat cultivars were evaluated based on growth, yield, evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency(WUE). The result showed that, growth, yield, ET and WUE were significant different among cultivars. Cluster analysis based on average yield, ET and WUE in 2 years indicated that 16 cultivars could be classified into 4 groups: super high yielding and water saving group, represented by ‘Zhoumai 24’; high yielding group, represented by ‘Aikang 18’; stable yield and water saving group, represented by ‘Xinmai 26’; low-middle yielding group, represented by ‘Zhoumai 22’. W1 got higher yield and the highest WUE. ‘Zhongmai 23’ and ‘Zhongmai 24’ were outstanding in yield and WUE, therefore, both of them were recommanded the varieties characterized as water saving and high yield for northern Henan.The field demonstrations of ‘Zhongmai 23’ and ‘Zhongmai 24’ during 2013-2014 got significantly higher yield and water saving effect.