微集雨技术对渭北旱塬苹果园土壤温度、果实产量及水分利用效率的影响
Effects of Rainwater Harvesting Technology on Soil Temperature,Yield and Water Use Efficiency in an Apple Orchard in Weibei Highland

为充分利用黄土高原渭北旱塬地区有效的降雨资源，提高水分利用率。以不覆盖为对照，设垄覆地膜+沟覆玉米秆和垄覆地膜2个处理，研究不同覆盖处理对苹果园土壤水分、土壤温度、水分利用率及果实产量的影响。结果表明，在苹果不同育期内，垄覆地膜+沟覆玉米秆处理蓄水保墒能力相比其他处理明显增强，能有效改善土壤的水分利用状况。春季垄覆地膜+沟覆玉米秆 0~25 cm平均土壤温度比对照提高 2.5 ℃ 。垄覆地膜+沟覆玉米秆产量与水分利用率均最高，2 a平均为21 223.5 kg/hm和42.0 kg/（mm·hm），分别比垄覆地膜处理及对照高12.5%、21.0%和40.8%、59.7%。总之，在不同的覆盖处理中，垄覆地膜+沟覆玉米秆有利于改善土壤环境、提高产量与经济效益，是渭北旱塬地区有效的苹果旱作栽培模式。
To make full use of rainfall resources effectively and improve water use efficiency (WUE) in Weibei highland in the Loess plateau,the experiment of different cultivation patterns of mulching were designed by using plastic film mulching on a ridge with straw mulching above a ditch(PS),plastic mulching without ditch(P) and control(CK),to analyze soil moisture,soil temperature,water use efficiency and yield of apple orchard. The results showed that PS treatment significantly increased soil water storage. In spring,the temperature at the 0-25 cm soil layer was 2.5 ℃ higher in PS treatment than the control. Both yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of the PS treatment were the largest. and 2 year average yield and water use efficiency were 21 223.5 kg/hm and 42.0 kg/(mm·hm) respectively,which were 12.5% and 21.0% higher than the black plastic mulching respectively,and 40.8% and 59.7% higher than the control respectively. In conclusion,plastic film mulching on a ridge with straw mulching above a ditch can improve the soil environment,the yield and economic benefit,it is considered an effective cultivation pattern in apple orchards in Weibei highland in the Loess plateau.