不同营养液浓度对‘巨峰’葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响
Effects of Different Nutrient Concentrations on Growth and Fruit Quality of ‘Kyoho’ Grape

为探求葡萄水肥一体化供给技术，以6 a生‘巨峰’葡萄为试材，循环供给霍格兰营养液，研究5种浓度营养液（以氮为基准）在葡萄不同生育期（萌芽期-转色期、转色期-成熟期、成熟期-萌芽期）处理对葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明，营养液浓度过高或过低均不能使果实品质达到最优。处理1（N：180-60-180 mg/L）营养液浓度下葡萄新梢生长最长，新梢粗度和叶片叶绿素SPDA值在整个生育期均处于较高水平，表明该浓度的营养液能够显著促进树体营养生长；从果实品质指标来看，该浓度营养液能够提高果实的品质，但与处理2（N：120-40-120 mg/L）相比，其果实的品质略差；处理2营养液浓度在一定程度上限制新梢生长，减少养分的浪费，使果实可溶性固形物质量分数显著增加，可高达19.83%，可促进花色苷的积累，与其他4个处理相比均有显著性差异，且果实的可滴定酸质量分数较低。综合分析结果表明，处理2营养液浓度可作为‘巨峰’葡萄施肥管理参考依据。
To explore the supply technology in integration of water and fertilizer ,6-year-old ‘Kyoho’ were used as experimental material to investigate effect of 5 different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution on growth and berry quality by circulation supply. The results showed that high or low concentration of the nutrient solution could not produce premium quality. Under the treatment 1(N:180-60-180 mg/L),the shoots were longer than that of other treatments,the diameter of shoots were also thicker and chlorophyll contents in leaves were in high level during the whole growing period.The suggested concentration of such nutrient solution could significantly promote the vegetative growth. From the index of berry quality,treatment 1 could improve berry quality,but its effect was less than that of the treatment 2(N:120-40-120 mg/L). To a certain extent,the treatment 2 limited the growth of new shoots,reduced nutrient waste,increased the soluble solids to 19.83%,and promoted the accumulation of anthocyanin in berry.Compared with the other four treatments,a significant difference was found in treatment 2,and the titratable acid mass fraction was lower than the others. The results of the comprehensive analysis indicated that the nutrient concentration of treatment 2 could bethe reference for ‘Kyoho’ fertilization management.