不同覆盖方式对陕西关中地区冬小麦田杂草群落的影响
Effects of Different Mulching on Weed Communities in Winter Wheat Field in Guanzhong Region of Shaanxi Province

为明确不同覆盖方式对陕西关中地区冬小麦田杂草群落的影响，通过连续3 a定点覆盖试验，研究麦田杂草的种类、密度、重要值及生物多样性。PermANOVA结果表明，拔节期与成熟期、透明膜与黑膜及9种覆盖处理间的杂草群落均存在显著差异。群落调查结果表明,泽漆是整个生育期内所有处理的优势种，猪殃殃和荠菜主要出现在拔节期，灰绿藜和香附子主要出现在拔节期后。黑色全膜平作处理在整个生育期内杂草总密度最低，杂草种类较少，拔节期除草后的物种丰富度、香农指数和Pielou均匀度指数显著低于对照。因此，黑色全膜平作处理可有效控制麦田杂草种类，降低杂草的密度与生物多样性，可为陕西关中地区冬小麦田合理的耕作与覆盖提供参考。
To understand the effects of different mulching on the weed community in winter wheat field in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province, an investigation was conducted on the weed species, weed density, important value of weed and species diversity of weed community in a 3-year experimental field.The results of permANOVA(permutational multivariate analysis) showed significant differences between jointing and ripening stage, flatten and ridge culture, black and transparent plastic film, and 9 mulching treatments.Different mulching had different dominant weed communities, Euphorbia helioscopia L.is the dominant weed in all treatment in the whole growth period,Galium aparine L.var.tenerum(Gren.et Godr.) Rchb.and Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.)Medic.mainly appeared in joint stage but Chenopodium glaucum L.and Cyperus rotundus L.mainly appeared after jointing stage.Flat planting with black film mulching had the lowest weed density in the whole growth periodand had lest weed species.So, it can control common weed effectively in the winter wheat.After weeding in jointing stage, the species richness, Shannon index and pielou index of flat planting with black film mulching were the lowest which had significantly different with contrast.So, it can decrease biological diversity of weeds.So, considering the advantage of controlling weed, the flat planting with black film mulching can give a reference for the farmer to plant winter wheat with different mulching in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province.