施用控释BB肥对冬小麦产量、氮素累积和氮肥利用率的影响
Effects of Release-controlled Bulk Blending Fertilizer on Grain Yield, Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization Efficiency in Winter Wheat

2013年10月-2014年6月在河南省商丘市民权县布置田间小区试验，研究施用控释BB肥对冬小麦产量及其构成要素、植株各部位对氮素吸收与累积及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明，施用控释BB肥在所有处理中效果最佳，较农民习惯施肥在穗粒数、理论产量、实际产量、生物产量及收获指数等指标上分别增加20.61%、27.08%、8.41%、5.87%、4.44%；在籽粒氮质量分数、氮素累积量上分别增加24.81%、28.47%；在氮肥利用效率、氮肥贡献率上较农民习惯施肥分别增加89.56%、15.24%。施用控释BB肥在减氮20%的条件下，较农民习惯施肥和普通BB肥在冬小麦产量上没有显著的影响，但提高植株各部位对氮素的吸收及累积作用，同时明显提高氮肥的利用效率。说明，施用控释BB肥可以明显提高冬小麦产量及其构成要素，增加植株对氮素的吸收及累积量，提高氮肥利用率。
In order to study the effect of release-controlled bulk blending (BB) fertilizer application on the yield, yield components, nitrogen (N) absorption and accumulation of each organ, as well as nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) in winter wheat, a field experiment was conducted from October 2013 to June 2014 at Minquan, Shangqiu, Henan province. The results showed that the release-controlled BB fertilizer application had better effect than other treatments. Compared with the farmers’ fertilization, release-controlled BB fertilizer application increased grain number per spike, theoretical yield, actual yield, biological yield, harvest index, N mass fraction and accumulations in grain, NUE and N contribution rate by 20.61%, 27.08%, 8.41%, 5.87%, 4.44%, 24.81%, 28.47%, 89.56% and 15.24%, respectively. Under the condition of 20% reducing N application based on the release-controlled BB fertilizer application, the yield was not affected, but N absorption and accumulation, NUE increased significantly comparing with the farmers’ fertilization and ordinary BB fertilizer application. In short, the lose-controlled BB fertilizer application could significantly improve yield and yield components, N absorption and accumulation and NUE.