枣胚胎发育及胚败育动态观察
Observation of Embryo Development and Abortion in Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

对不同胚败育类型枣（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)和酸枣（Ziziphus acidojujuba C.Y.Cheng M.J.Liu)品种的花粉萌发和授粉过程、胚发育进程、胚败育动态进行观察,为研究胚败育机制和胚挽救提供理论参考。结果表明：花粉萌发和授粉状况不是造成枣胚败育的主要因素。不同类型品种原胚阶段胚发育状况基本一致；胚分化发育阶段,除‘壶瓶枣’未观察到子叶胚之外,其余品种均有部分果实可完成胚发育,不同品种胚发育进程有差异。各品种胚发育到鱼雷形时进入硬核期。品种间胚败育始期和高峰期略有不同,各品种都是花后28 d约球形期胚开始大量败育,花后28 d开始胚抢救在理论和实践中都具有可行性；同一品种胚败育率的田间调查和显微切片观察结果基本一致。花后时间和果实大小可间接反映胚的状态。
Pollen germination,pollination and embryo development process and embryo abortion dynamic of different types Chinese jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and sour jujube(Ziziphus acidojujuba C.Y.Cheng M.J.Liu) were observed and to provide theoretical reference for the mechanism of embryo abortion and embryo rescue. The results showed that the pollen germination and pollination condition were not the main factors of causing embryo abortion. The embryo development state of different cultivars in proembryo stage was consistent. At the embryo differentiation stage,the part fruits of rest cultivars could complete the full process of embryo development,while the cotyledon embryo of ‘Hupingzao’ was not observed. The embryo development process had differences between different cultivars. Each cultivar came into hardcore period in the torpedo shaped embryo stage. The embryo abortion beginning period and the peak period had slightly differences between cultivars. The embryos of all cultivars had entered abortion in quantity since 28 days after flowering (at spherical shaped embryo stage). It was feasible in theory and practice to rescue embryos on 28 days after flowering. For the same cultivar,the embryo abortion rate(EAR) in field investigation and microscopic observation had a similar tendency. Days after flowering and fruit size could indirectly reflect the embryo status.