避雨栽培对‘户太八号’葡萄果实品质的影响
Effects of Rain-shelter Cultivation on Quality of ‘Hutai No.8’ Grape

以‘户太八号’葡萄为试材，测定露地栽培与避雨栽培2种模式下，葡萄果实大小、硬度、果梗拉力、糖酸等基本指标及避雨栽培对浆果酚类物质、香气物质及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明：避雨栽培下，果粒粒径及果穗均小于露地栽培，去皮果实硬度比露地栽培高13.56%，带皮果粒硬度与果梗拉力分别比露地栽培低7.04%和9.73%；避雨栽培可提高糖质量浓度，但差异不显著，固酸比显著提高；pH及总酸在果实发育时期极显著低于露地栽培葡萄；与露地栽培相比，避雨栽培葡萄果实总酚、单宁及总花色苷质量分数均呈现显著降低趋势，而香气物质总相对含量则比露地栽培提高4.95%；另外，避雨栽培会降低葡萄的抗氧化活性，葡萄果皮清除自由基的能力显著降低，但葡萄果肉清除自由基的能力变化不大。
The objective of this study is to compare the fruit size, hardness, sugar and acids content and other indicators of dominate table grape cultivar ‘Hutai No.8’ under rain-shelter cultivation and open-field cultivation. Meanwhile, the influence of rain-shelter cultivation on aroma substance, polyphenols and antioxidant activity of grape berries were also investigated, so as to guide the production of ‘Hutai No.8’ grape. The results showed that: compared with the open-field cultivation, rain-shelter cultivation had smaller size of grape berries and cluster , with higher hardness of peeled grape berries by 13.56%, lower fruit hardness without peel by 7.04%, and lower tension of stems by 9.73% . The rain-shelter cultivation can increase the sugar mass concentration of grape berries with no significant difference observed, however, the ratio of soluble solid mass concentration to titration acid improved significantly. The value of pH, mass concentration of acid, total phenolic, tannins and anthocyanins of grapes under rain-shelter cultivation were all lower significantly than those of open-field cultivation. The total relative content of aroma was higher by 4.95% compared with the open-field cultivation. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of grape berries under open-field cultivation was lower than the open-field cultivation. The free radical scavenging ability of grape skins under rain-shelter cultivation decreased significantly while no obvious change was observed in grape pulp.