土地细碎化背景下地块生产趋同对农户购置农机的影响
Analysis of Impact of Land Fragmentation on Farmers’ Agricultural Machinery Purchase Decision

从我国土地细碎化现象与农机化进程快速推进并存的矛盾出发，利用11个省市的调研数据，运用随机效应Probit模型、Tobit模型和沃尔德检验实证分析了土地细碎化背景下地块生产趋同对农户农机购置的影响。研究结果表明:相对于土地细碎化对农机购置的抑制效应，不同地块作物生产趋同和机耕道修筑的促进作用更为显著，作业地块面积而非产权地块面积是农户农机购置行为的主要影响因素；在地块合并、交换、流转等产权调整的交易成本比较高的情况下，只要作业地块的面积足够大，农户也有积极性购置和投资农业机械；而随着作业地块面积的增加，提高农业劳动生产率而非仅仅是解决劳动力短缺和便利外出打工将是农户购置农业机械的主要目的。因此,在土地细碎化背景下，应鼓励地块相邻农户共同生产、改善农业基础设施等旨在推动共享地块规模经济的政策取向可能更有利于提高农户获取地块规模经济的可得性并促进其对农业机械的购置和投资。
Based on the contradiction between land fragmentation phenomenon and process of rapid advance of agricultural mechanization in China and using the investigation data of 11 provinces and cities and random effects probit model, Tobit model and Wald test, empirical analysis is made of the impact of land fragmentation on farmers’ decision for agricultural machinery purchase. The results show that the operating land area instead of the ownership of the plots of land area is the main influencing factor of agricultural machinery purchase behavior. In the case of land consolidation, exchange, transfer and other property rights adjustment, transaction costs are relatively high, as long as the size of the work area is large enough, farmers also have enthusiasm for the purchase and investment of agricultural machinery. And with the increase of operating land area, not only to solve the labor shortage and convenience of migrant workers, improving agricultural productivity is the major purpose of farmers to purchase agricultural machinery. So this paper concludes that under the background of land fragmentation, policies oriented to encourage farmers with adjacent plots to carry out common production, improve agricultural infrastructure to promote the sharing of the plots of scale economy may be more conducive to improve farmers' access to land scale economy of availability and promote their willingness in agricultural machinery purchase and investment.