农村土地使用权流转的主要方式及效力评价
Main Modes of Rural Land Transfer and Evaluation of Their Effectiveness

我国农村土地主要有农户享有使用权的承包地和宅基地,就目前法律规定来看,论是承包地经营权还是宅基地使用权都不允许买卖,因为农户只享有使用权而没有所有权,不能处分承包地和宅基地。但是现实的情况是,目前在农村存在着大量的承包地和宅基地的流转,其中包括宅基地使用权的流转、将房屋和宅基地使用权一起流转、承包地经营权的流转、将房屋、宅基地使用权和承包地经营权一起打包流转等情形。这些流转方式在农村现实中已经广泛存在并被接受和履行,但在法律层面还有许多问题,尤其是这些流转方式的效力问题。在解决这些问题时应该具体情况具体分析,结合法律规定和现实情形予以考虑,从而做出不同的效力判断。
Rural land in China is mainly referred to the farmland and farmers homestead land, which the farmers have the right to use. In the context of current laws and regulations, either the use right of the contracted farmland or that of the homestead land is not allowed to buy or sell, because farmers only have the use right but not the ownership. But in reality there are a lot of cases of transfer of contracted farmland and homestead land, including the transfer of homestead land use right, the transfer of house and homestead land use right, the transfer of contracted farmland management right, and the packaged transfer of all these. These modes of transfer have been widely accepted and performed in rural areas, but there are still many problems in the aspect of law, especially the effectiveness of the transfer. In solving these problems particular analysis should be made for concrete case to combine the law with the reality, so as to make different judgment of their effectiveness.