基于疫情上报意愿的禽流感补偿标准研究
Calculation of Compensation Standard for Avian Influenza Encouraged on Farmers’ Desire to Reporting Chicken Disease

鼓励养殖户及时上报疫情是控制禽流感扩散蔓延、维护社会公众生命安全的重要举措。那么，如果要使养殖户自愿上报疫情，合理的补偿标准应该是多少？利用宁夏中卫沙坡区实地调查数据，采用Heckman两阶段模型分析养殖户上报疫情意愿及其意愿受偿强度的影响因素，进而测算养殖户在愿意上报疫情情景下可接受的补偿标准。散养户和规模养殖户可接受的补偿标准分别平均为22.41元/只、31.87元/只，对5个月龄蛋鸡的意愿受偿标准最高，分别达到35.21元/只、53.55元/只。提出建立疫情损失的联动补偿机制，提高疫情补偿标准，对散养户和规模养殖户实行差异化疫情补偿政策。
Encouraging chicken raising farmers to report chicken disease in time is an important way to control the spread of avian influenza and safeguard the life safety of the public, so if government wants to make farmers voluntarily reporting chicken disease, reasonable compensation standard should be set. This paper uses Heckman selection model to analyze the influencing factors of farmers’ willingness and acceptable level under chicken disease reporting, and then calculate their acceptable level to compensation standard based on survey data of Zhongwei in Ningxia. The average compensation standard accepted by free range chicken raising farmers and scale range chicken raising farmers are 22.41 yuan per chicken and 31.87 yuan per chicken, respectively. The compensation standard for 5 months chicken of free range farmers and scale range farmers is the highest, reaching 35.21 yuan per chicken and 53.55 yuan per chicken, respectively. Finally, building compensation mechanism of outbreak losses, improving compensation standard, and differentiate compensation standard for free range farmers and scale range farmers are proposed.