公益悬浮与商业下沉：基层农技服务供给结构的变迁
Suspension of Public Welfare Agro-tech Service Force and Sinking of Commercial Agro-tech Service Force: Analysis of Transition in Supply Structure of Grass-roots Agricultural Technology Extension System

在农业转型的背景下，小农与新型农业经营主体对农技服务的刚性需求结构仍然存在，但与农业转型相配套的农技服务市场却出现了“公益悬浮与商业下沉”的双向变化，即政府公益性农技推广力量越来越难落地，商业性农技推广力量迅速下沉，遍布乡村。这种供给结构部分解决了乡村农技推广资源匮乏的问题，但并未有效满足农民真正的农技需求。相反，商业性农技推广力量借助基层政府的项目招商、多种农技服务资源平台的整合以及对原公益性农技体系的嫁接实现了自身的快速崛起，同时也损害了公益性农技推广力量的技术权威，使得公益性农技在乡村的发展步履艰难。
Under the background of agricultural transformation, the demand of agricultural technical service (ATS) of peasants and new agricultural business entities still exists, but the transformation of supporting ATS market has showed bidirectional changes of “suspension of public welfare and commercial sinking”. The public welfare ATS force is becoming more and more difficult to enter the rural area, while the commercial ATS force is rapidly penetrating into the countryside. This supply structure of ATS partly solved the problem of scarcity of rural agricultural technology extension resources, but did not effectively meet the farmers’ real needs of ATS. Instead, with the government’s investment projects, integration of resources platform and grafting the public agricultural technology system, the commercial ATS force has completed its rapid rise. At the same time, it also undermines the technical authority of public welfare ATS force, makes public agricultural technology in the development of rural falter.