循证实践在精准扶贫工作中的应用
Application Mechanism of Evidence-based Practice in Targeted Poverty Alleviation

肇始于医学领域的循证实践方法因其科学性与有效性,经过多年发展已渗透到诸多社会科学领域。我国精准扶贫工作进入攻坚阶段后，其边际效益逐渐下降。由于循证实践方法与精准扶贫的精神相契合，故将精准扶贫引入循证实践框架进行研究。结合循证实践的一般原则与程序，对循证精准扶贫机制进行了理论设计，并对将循证实践方法在当前基层精准扶贫实践中应用时所面临的困境与挑战进行了分析。研究认为:循证实践方法有助于提升扶贫工作精准度，为保证精准减贫攻坚阶段的减贫效果提供了新的科学工具，是精准扶贫攻坚阶段扶贫手段的创新。最后提出积极构建精准扶贫数据库、制定有关精准扶贫领域的证据标准、重视贫困人口意愿与价值，构建专门扶贫人才队伍，赋予基层扶贫工作人员扶贫方法创新空间等手段推进循证实践方法在基层精准扶贫中的应用。
Evidence-based practice, initiating in medical science and developing for many years, has infiltrated into many social science areas for its validity and effectiveness. As China’s targeted poverty alleviation has been into the most crucial stage, the marginal benefit of the poverty alleviation is keeping decline. Due to the spirit of evidence-based practice corresponding with the precise poverty alleviation, we try to discuss the targeted poverty alleviation under the evidence-based practice frame. First of all, we designed a theoretical evidence-based working routine for targeted poverty alleviation referring to the original mechanism of evidence-based practice. Secondly, we analyzed the predicaments and potential challenges once putting evidenced-based targeted poverty alleviation method into use in rural China. The study showed that the evidence-based targeted poverty alleviation, which provided a new scientific method that can ensure the effectiveness in the process of the accurate anti-poverty, helped to discover a new method to elevate the accuracy and strengthen validity of the poverty alleviation, is a significant representation of innovation of the anti-poverty. Finally, we suggested that the government can put the evidence-based targeted poverty alleviation method into action through infrastructure construction such as internet and evidence data base, unequivocally defining the evidence classification for the targeted poverty alleviation under the frame of evidence-based practice, paying attention to the poor’s will and value, constructing special team for poverty alleviation and giving the grass root anti-poverty staffs opportunities to make innovations in poverty alleviation methods.