社区森林资源管理成功的条件——基于福建省沙县两个集体林场的比较研究
The Conditions for Successful Management of Community Forest Resources：——Based on Comparative Research of Two Collective Forest Farms in Shaxian of Fujian Province

新一轮林权制度改革之后，小农户与大市场、林地细碎化与规模化经营、个人利益与社区公共利益之间的矛盾不断凸显，集体经营的重要性重新受到决策者和地方社区的关注。在部分地区，集体管理的森林不仅保留了下来，而且呈现出多样化的经营绩效。通过比较成功（L村）和失败经营（Y村）的案例，运用Ostrom、Wade和Agrawal的影响成功公共治理的条件要件，从资源特征、依赖于资源的集体特征、资源特征与集体特征、管理制度细节、资源特征与管理制度的关系和外部环境6个方面进行具体分析，探讨塑造成功集体管理森林的资源、社区和制度条件，从而为我国新型林业经营主体的多元化提供经验。
After the new round of forest property reform, individual management entity has been strengthened, and too scattered entities leads to more conflicts between small household and big market, forest land fragmentation and large-scale management, private interests and common interests. Therefore, both decision makers and local communities attach importance again to collective management. In some places, collective management has been restored and gives very different performance. Through comparing two collective forest farms, a successful one and a failed one in collective forest management, and using key factors of conditions for successful management like Ostrom, Wad and Agrawal, this essay discusses the features of resources, community and institutions for a successful collective management, offering experience for diversification of new forest management entity in China.