经济伦理视域下农村最低生活保障政策反思
Ethical Reflection of Rural Subsistence Allowance System From Economic Ethics Perspective

经济制度的公正性是保证经济活动运行的重要条件。最低生活保障政策是维护和实现社会公平的产物和体现,也是维护农民基本生存权利的根本保障。从农村最低生活保障政策现实来看,政策制定主体的伦理目标定位、伦理职能的发挥、政策执行主体的伦理责任及执行结果等方面均存在伦理缺陷;借助于数学模型分析发现,政策制定主体与执行主体的关系直接受到目标制定向度和目标执行向度的相互影响和作用。通过以上两个向度的分析,研究政策制定主体与执行主体所呈现出的价值分布状态,进一步构建“政策理念导向、政策制定与执行主体负责、价值分配与权力分配关系合理、政策立法完善、资金投入保障、农民需求参与”的多元政策模式,实现农村最低生活保障政策的伦理回归。
The justice of economic system is essential to sustainable economic activities. The subsistence allowance system is the product as well as the demonstration of maintaining social justice and the fundamental guarantee of the realization of basic surviving right of rural people. The improvement of such system will facilitate social justice. Based on the reality of this system, there are ethic flaws in policy-makers’location of ethical targets, exertion of ethical function, ethical responsibility of policy-executants and executive results, etc. The analysis of the mathematic model suggests that the relationship between policy-makers and policy-executants are directly affected by dimensions of target setting and implementation. This thesis analyzes dimensions of target setting and implementation so as to have a study of value distribution of policy-makers and policy-executants. Under such a guidance, a diversified policy model is established, which is characterized by the guidance of policy, responsibility of policy makers and executants, reasonable distribution of the value and power, complete policy legislation, investment guarantee and the involvement of farmers'demands. The ethical regression of subsistence allowance system therefore appears.