合作社对农户安全生产行为的影响——基于我国苹果主产区的调研
Influence of Farmers’ Participation in Cooperatives on Their Safe Production Behavior——A Case Study of Farmers in Main Apple Producing Areas in China

以我国5个苹果主产区的合作社农户为样本，构建农户安全生产行为的单个评价指标和综合评价指标体系，分析农户加入合作社对其苹果安全生产行为的影响。结果表明，农户参与合作社的程度越深、与合作社关系越密切，越倾向于进行苹果的安全生产；能够从合作社得到补贴和分红等经济激励以及能够享受合作社提供的农资服务的农户越倾向于安全生产；合同和会费等契约保障并未起到有效监督农户安全生产行为的作用。合作社应不断完善其组织架构和制度安排，严格履行组织义务并加大农产品安全生产方面的培训力度，提升整体竞争力,以期改进和优化农户的安全生产行为。
A single evaluation index and a comprehensive evaluation index system of farmers’ safe production are constructed with the apple growers in 5 major apple producing areas in China as samples, so as to analyze the influence of farmers’ joining the cooperatives on the safety of apple production. The results show that the deeper the farmers’ participation in the cooperatives and the better the relationship between the farmers and the cooperatives, the safer the farmers tend to carry out the production of apple. The members of the cooperatives who are able to receive subsidies and dividends from the cooperatives and enjoy the agricultural services such as pesticides sale provided by the cooperatives are more inclined to secure their productions. The contract and fee as guarantees fail to play an effective role in monitoring the safety production behavior of farmers. The cooperatives should constantly improve the supervision function and regulation layout, meanwhile carry out the obligations rigorously and increase the training intensity on the safe production of agricultural products so as to improve the safe production behavior of the fruit farmers.